{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:44:46Z","timestamp":1772160286226,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,30]],"date-time":"2020-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588204800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004481","name":"University of Tehran","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004481","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Due to the limited range of antifungals available to treat genital\n                      <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      infections and the emergence of resistant isolates, attention has focused on the antifungal potency of natural compounds with promising biological properties.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To examine whether eugenol synergises the in vitro efficacy of voriconazole against\n                      <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains isolated from the genital tract of mares.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In vitro experiment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The antifungal activity of eugenol and voriconazole was evaluated using the broth microdilution assay (CLSI\u2010 M27\u2010A3). Synergism of eugenol and voriconazole against genital\n                      <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates was evaluated by the microdilution checkerboard method.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for eugenol and voriconazole ranged from 400 to 800\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL and 1 to 8\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL, respectively, for\n                      <jats:italic>C.\u00a0tropicalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates, and from 200 to 400\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL for eugenol and 2 to 16\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL for voriconazole against\n                      <jats:italic>C.\u00a0krusei<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates. Eugenol decreased the arithmetic mean MIC for voriconazole against\n                      <jats:italic>C.\u00a0tropicalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>C.\u00a0krusei<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates from 2.66 to 0.46\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL and 7.77 to 0.41\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL respectively. The fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) values for the eugenol\u2010voriconazole combination ranged from 0.25 to 0.88 and 0.19 to 0.63 for\n                      <jats:italic>C.\u00a0tropicalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>C.\u00a0krusei<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates respectively. A synergistic effect of eugenol in combination with voriconazole was observed for 83.3% of\n                      <jats:italic>C.\u00a0tropicalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      and 77.7% of\n                      <jats:italic>C.\u00a0krusei<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates. Antagonistic activity was not seen in any of the isolates tested.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Since in vitro antifungal susceptibility tests are not systematic analyses, any selection bias could influence the results. In addition, in vitro susceptibility does not uniformly predict clinical success in vivo\n                      <jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Eugenol showed fungistatic and fungicidal effects against genital\n                      <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates and, in combination, synergised the antifungal effects of voriconazole. The eugenol\u2010voriconazole combination can lay the foundation for a therapeutic approach against isolates in which azole resistance has increased over time.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.13268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,16]],"date-time":"2020-04-16T16:28:15Z","timestamp":1587054495000},"page":"94-101","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["In vitro synergy of eugenol on the antifungal effects of voriconazole against\n                    <i>Candida tropicalis<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>Candida krusei<\/i>\n                    strains isolated from the genital tract of mares"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6442-0053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aghil","family":"Sharifzadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycology 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