{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T04:06:06Z","timestamp":1789013166562,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,3]],"date-time":"2020-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Blood collection by indwelling intravenous catheter (IVC) avoids repeated venipuncture, which could cause thrombophlebitis risk, anxiety and pain in patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare blood gas parameters, electrolytes, glucose, lactate and haematocrit concentration obtained from venous blood samples collected via a jugular IVC by push\u2010pull (PP) technique to those obtained by venipuncture in hospitalised foals, at the time of catheter placement (T0) and 24\u00a0hours after the beginning of intravenous therapy (T24).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective observational study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Paired blood samples were drawn from hospitalised foals at T0 and T24. In each foal, one venous blood sample was collected via IVC by the following PP technique: 2.4\u00a0mL of blood was aspirated and immediately reinfused through the catheter three times consecutively, then 1\u00a0mL of blood was collected using a 1\u00a0mL heparinised syringe. Thereafter, another sample was collected by direct venipuncture of the contralateral jugular vein, with an identical 1\u00a0mL heparinised syringe, with a 1\u2010inch, 20\u2010G needle. All samples were analysed with an automated blood gas analyser within 10\u00a0minutes of collection. The agreement between the two techniques was assessed by Bland\u2010Altman analysis and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The level of agreement of blood gas values obtained by the two different techniques was high with very small bias and clinically acceptable ICC (&gt;0.907 at T0; &gt;0.794 at T24) for all variables, except for haematocrit (bias \u22123.52 at T0; \u22122.44 at T24) and PvO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      at T0 and T24 (ICC 0.669 and 0.733, respectively).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Potential sub\u2010clinical catheter\u2010related complications were not investigated by ultrasound or bacterial culture of the catheter; short duration of the study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PP technique appears to be acceptable for collection of blood samples for venous blood gas parameters, as well as electrolytes, glucose and lactate in sick neonatal foals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.13332","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,8]],"date-time":"2020-08-08T09:33:17Z","timestamp":1596879197000},"page":"488-494","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Venous blood gas parameters, electrolytes, glucose and lactate concentration in sick neonatal foals: Direct venipuncture versus push\u2010pull technique"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2603-8598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Del Prete","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production University of Naples Federico II Napoli Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9828-4317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aliai","family":"Lanci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences University of Bologna Ozzano dell\u2019Emilia (BO) Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1202-0829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natascia","family":"Cocchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production University of Naples Federico II Napoli Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1645-2111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Freccero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences University of Bologna Ozzano dell\u2019Emilia (BO) Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Di Maio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences University of Bologna Ozzano dell\u2019Emilia (BO) Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5533-7637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina","family":"Castagnetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences University of Bologna Ozzano dell\u2019Emilia (BO) Italy"},{"name":"Health Science and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST\u2010ICIR) 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