{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T12:38:51Z","timestamp":1792154331595,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,8]],"date-time":"2020-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Standing cone beam computed tomography (CT) provides cross\u2010sectional imaging of the caudal cervical articular process joints (CAPJs) in the sedated horse, though the clinical implications of osteoarthritis (OA) identified on CT in this location are unknown. Increases in concentrations of intra\u2010synovial cytokines could lend support to the clinical significance of CAPJ OA identified on this imaging modality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Investigate the presence and concentration of intra\u2010synovial inflammatory cytokines in CAPJs with and without standing cone beam CT evidence of OA using an equine specific multiplex assay.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective clinical study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Standing cone beam CT of C5\u20106 and C6\u20107 was performed on horses with CAPJ OA and control horses. Synovial fluid samples of the CAPJs of C5\u20106 and C6\u20107 were obtained bilaterally using ultrasound guidance and analysed for concentrations of IFN\u2010\u03b3, IL\u20101\u03b2, IL\u20106, IL\u201010, IL\u201017 and TNF\u03b1 with the Milliplex\u00ae multi\u2010analyte profiling kit. CT Images were retrospectively graded using a novel grading scheme. Significant differences between concentrations of inflammatory cytokines between joints with different categories of osteoarthritis severity were explored using a Wilcoxon rank\u2010sum test or Kruskal\u2010Wallis test.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Concentrations of intra\u2010synovial cytokines were higher in joints with moderate to severe OA when compared to joints with no or mild OA, with differences in concentrations of IL\u201017 reaching statistical significance (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.007).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Limitations include discrepancy in number, age, and breed between control and OA populations, use of a novel grading scheme, and lack of a histologic gold\u2010standard to confirm the presence and severity of CAPJ OA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Differences in inflammatory cytokines between caudal CAPJs with and without evidence of moderate to severe osteoarthritis on standing cone beam CT exist. This finding lends support to the clinical relevance of a diagnosis of moderate to severe CAPJ OA in the caudal cervical vertebral column as identified with this imaging modality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.13392","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,22]],"date-time":"2020-11-22T05:07:30Z","timestamp":1606021650000},"page":"944-954","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Inflammatory cytokines in horses with cervical articular process joint osteoarthritis on standing cone beam computed tomography"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3027-4304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kara A.","family":"Brown","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies New Bolton Center University of Pennsylvania Kennett Square PA 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