{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:44:47Z","timestamp":1772160287978,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]],"date-time":"2021-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Little information is available about experimental inoculation of leptospirosis in horses and the pathogenicity of\n                      <jats:italic>Leptospira interrogans<\/jats:italic>\n                      serovar Bratislava in this host.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To determine the serological, clinical, pathological and haematological responses of horses to\n                      <jats:italic>L. interrogans<\/jats:italic>\n                      serovar Bratislava strain PigK151.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Randomised controlled in vivo experiment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Ten seronegative female foals were divided into 2 groups, control (n\u00a0=\u00a04) and challenged (n\u00a0=\u00a06). The challenged group received 1\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010\n                      <jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\n                      leptospires divided equally between topical ocular and intraperitoneal injections. Blood and urine samples were analysed. The temperature was recorded daily for the first 9\u00a0days, then weekly. Sera were tested by microscopic agglutination test (MAT). Automated complete blood count, differential and chemistry panel were performed. Histopathological analysis was performed on sections of liver, kidney, urinary bladder, uterine body and pineal gland. Sample culturing was performed from blood, urine, liver, kidney, reproductive tract and vitreous humour.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No pyrexia was noted. PCR and culture were negative from all samples. Differences between groups were found in CBC, differential counts and serum biochemistry panel (or profile), suggesting that leptospiral challenge triggered an inflammatory response. No evidence of leptospirosis was found from histopathological analysis. All challenged foals developed a humoral response. The MAT allowed the confirmation of the infecting serovar at a later stage, but it also revealed cross\u2010reactive results that were further explained by genomic analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This experimental challenge had two main limitations: (a) the results might have varied if another strain from the same serovar had been used and (b) the use of another route of infection and a higher bacterial dose might have achieved colonisation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Based on these findings, it may suggest that\n                      <jats:italic>L. interrogans<\/jats:italic>\n                      serovar Bratislava is neither pathogenic nor host\u2010adapted serovar for horses, although these results might have varied if another strain from the same serovar had been used instead.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.13442","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]],"date-time":"2021-02-22T14:51:22Z","timestamp":1614005482000},"page":"845-854","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Equine leptospirosis: Experimental challenge of\n                    <i>Leptospira interrogans<\/i>\n                    serovar Bratislava fails to establish infection in na\u00efve horses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1743-9664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiago J.","family":"Zilch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University Ithaca NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jen\u2010Jie","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University Ithaca NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Zain","family":"Saleem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University Ithaca NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University Ithaca NY USA"},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine South China Agricultural University Guanfzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Cortese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoetis Parsippany NJ USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathan","family":"Voris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoetis Parsippany NJ USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sean P.","family":"McDonough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University Ithaca NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas J.","family":"Divers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University Ithaca NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8902-3089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yung\u2010Fu","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University Ithaca NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2208"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.2.296-326.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e32814a5729"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-5404-5_8","volume-title":"Chapter 8. Leptospira: Strategies for evasion of host immunity and persistence","author":"Faisal SM","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2010.00507.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1987.tb02605.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12683"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0450.2004.00740.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1996.tb03097.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2746\/095777309X467862"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(68)90017-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-001-0660-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2020.104241"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/346208"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2012.03.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","first-page":"0911180045","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Leptospira spp. in clinically healthy racing horses in Korea","author":"Jung BY","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0147-51-15"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","first-page":"104","volume-title":"116th Annual Meeting of The United States Animal Health Association","author":"Carter CN","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2003.12.003"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","first-page":"448","article-title":"Leptospirosis in horses in Ontario","volume":"51","author":"Kitson\u2010Piggot AW","year":"1987","journal-title":"Can J Vet Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1983.tb01809.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(18)32205-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-45059-8_6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.13069"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2015.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10010023"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1986.47.07.1458","article-title":"Isolation of Leptospira interrogans serovar Bratislava from sows in Iowa","volume":"47","author":"Ellis WA","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/genomeA.00678-15"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00649-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.4.2276-2285.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2009.03.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005940"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkt1099"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","volume-title":"Statistical methods for rates and proportions","author":"Fleiss JL","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AM.25.6.976-980.1973"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0442.2007.00921.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879200400121"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Outbreak of equine leptospirosis by s. Bratislava","volume":"11","author":"Pinna MH","year":"2007","journal-title":"Onl J Vet Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.29.5.957-961.1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007950"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.10.7014-7017.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.021089-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.05099-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002664"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003359"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01115-15"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01050-16"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","first-page":"16","article-title":"Studies on equine leptospirosis","volume":"45","author":"Bryans JT","year":"1955","journal-title":"Cornell Vet"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-84782010005000178"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/eci.12.110"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1294\/jes.9.119"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2010.08.020"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_54_1","first-page":"383","article-title":"Epidemiology of leptospirosis: observations on serological data obtained by a \"diagnostic laboratory for leptospirosis\" from 1995 to 2001","volume":"26","author":"Cerri D","year":"2003","journal-title":"New microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2016.09.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2016.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/gh.2014.35"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_58_1","first-page":"357","article-title":"The occurrence and maintenance of Leptospira serovars Australis and Bratislava in domestic and wild animals in Croatia","volume":"83","author":"Milas Z","year":"2013","journal-title":"Veterinarski arhiv"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00869"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-013-0508-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1863-2378.2008.01137.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.230.11.1657"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btq588"}],"container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/evj.13442","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/evj.13442","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/evj.13442","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T11:05:38Z","timestamp":1762081538000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/evj.13442"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/evj.13442"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/evj.13442","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.13442\/v4\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.13442\/v2\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.13442\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.13442\/v3\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.13442\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.13442\/v3\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.13442\/v3\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.13442\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.13442\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.13442\/v3\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.13442\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.13442\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.13442\/v1\/review3","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.13442\/v4\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0425-1644","2042-3306"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0425-1644","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-3306","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-03-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-02-18","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-03-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}