{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T02:35:06Z","timestamp":1790217306324,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,28]],"date-time":"2021-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Equine parvovirus\u2010hepatitis (EqPV\u2010H) research is in its infancy. Information regarding prevalence, geographical distribution, genetic diversity, pathogenesis and risk factors enhances understanding of this potentially fatal infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Determining the prevalence of EqPV\u2010H in Austrian equids. Investigating factors increasing probability of infection, liver\u2010associated biochemistry parameters, concurrent equine hepacivirus (EqHV) infection and phylogenetic analysis of Austrian EqPV\u2010H variants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sera from 259 horses and 13 donkeys in Austria were analysed for anti\u2010EqPV\u2010H VP1\u2010specific antibodies by luciferase immunoprecipitation system (LIPS) and EqPV\u2010H DNA by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Associations between infection status, sex and age were described. Glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH), gamma\u2010glutamyl transferase (GGT), bile acids and albumin concentrations were compared between horses with active infection and PCR\u2010negative horses. PCR targeting partial EqPV\u2010H NS1 was performed and phylogenetic analysis of Austrian EqPV\u2010H variants was conducted. Complete coding sequences (CDS) of four Austrian variants were determined by next\u2010generation sequencing (NGS) and compared with published sequences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Horses' EqPV\u2010H seroprevalence was 30.1% and DNA prevalence was 8.9%. One horse was co\u2010infected with EqHV. Significantly, higher probability of active EqPV\u2010H infection was identified in 16\u2010 to 31\u2010year\u2010old horses, compared with 1\u2010 to 8\u2010year\u2010old horses (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.002; OR\u00a0=\u00a08.19; 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a01.79 to 37.50) and 9\u2010 to 15\u2010year\u2010old horses (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.03; OR\u00a0=\u00a02.96; 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a01.08 to 8.17). Liver\u2010associated plasma parameters were not significantly different between horses with active infection and controls. Austrian EqPV\u2010H variants revealed high similarity to sequences worldwide. No evidence of EqPV\u2010H was detected in donkeys.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Equids\u2019 inclusion depended upon owner consent. There was only one sampling point per animal and the sample of donkeys was small.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>EqPV\u2010H antibodies and DNA are frequently detected in Austrian horses, without associated hepatitis in horses with active infection. The risk of active EqPV\u2010H infection increases with increasing age. Phylogenetic evidence supports close relation of EqPV\u2010H variants globally, including Austrian variants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.13444","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,11]],"date-time":"2021-03-11T10:32:26Z","timestamp":1615458746000},"page":"379-389","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Active equine parvovirus\u2010hepatitis infection is most frequently detected in Austrian horses of advanced age"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5732-1281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcha","family":"Badenhorst","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Companion Animals and Horses University Equine Clinic \u2010 Internal Medicine University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phebe","family":"de Heus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Companion Animals and Horses University Equine Clinic \u2010 Internal Medicine University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4790-9823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelika","family":"Auer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3875-0707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Birthe","family":"Tegtmeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Experimental Virology TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research Medical School Hannover (MHH) \u2013 Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI)  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Stang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Medical Virology Ruhr\u2010University Bochum  Bochum Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Dimmel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Tichy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jakub","family":"Kubacki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VetSuisse Faculty Institute of Virology University of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Bachofen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VetSuisse Faculty Institute of Virology University of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eike","family":"Steinmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Medical Virology Ruhr\u2010University Bochum  Bochum Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8575-7402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessika M. V.","family":"Cavalleri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Companion Animals and Horses University Equine Clinic \u2010 Internal Medicine University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2402.171031"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2019.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15368"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15362"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.108575"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2020.1741326"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"First report of equine parvovirus\u2010hepatitis\u2010associated Theiler's disease in Europe","volume":"00","author":"Vengust M","year":"2020","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.00121"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41426-018-0174-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v11100942"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v11100965"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-020-04632-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.000199"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v11050461"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","unstructured":"SergeantESG.Epitools Epidemiological Calculators. 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