{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:44:48Z","timestamp":1772160288967,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]],"date-time":"2021-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001769","name":"Charles Sturt University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Marked increases in serum muscle enzyme activity can occur in endurance horses but the diagnostic certainty in predicting cases of myopathy is unclear. Improved understanding of horse management effects on serum muscle enzyme activity as markers of muscle health would assist interpretation of serum muscle enzyme activity and guide management to reduce myopathy risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate associations between serum muscle enzyme activity and management factors in endurance horses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One hundred endurance horses competing in four endurance events (offering distances of 20\u2010120\u00a0km) in south\u2010eastern Australia were observed. Data were collected from official horse logbooks, pre\u2010and post\u2010race serum samples, an owner questionnaire of pre\u2010race and race management of horses and the Australian Endurance Riders Association results database. Multivariable linear regression modelling tested associations between management factors and serum muscle enzyme activity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>First leg speed, distance raced, number of rest days pre\u2010race, and pre\u2010race activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and creatine kinase (CK) explained 47.3% of the variance in post\u2010race CK. As first leg speed increased by 1\u00a0km\/h, CK activity increased by 25.8% (95% CI 11%\u201035%). Race distances &gt;80\u00a0km increased post\u2010race CK activity by 124% (95% CI 116%\u2010145%). Each additional pre\u2010race rest day increased post\u2010race CK activity by 30.5% (95% CI 11%\u201042%). Modelling a 10% increase in pre\u2010race CK and pre\u2010race AST activity was associated with post\u2010race CK activity increasing by 7.3% (95% CI 3%\u201014.4%) and 8.5% (95% CI 0.3%\u201014.2%) respectively. Horses experiencing training distances &gt;40\u00a0km and a greater number of rest days prior to race day developed increased pre\u2010race AST and CK activity respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Owner questionnaires may be subject to bias. Limited data were available to model ride terrain, horse fitness, ration detail and myopathy. Muscle biopsies were not used to confirm myopathy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nearly half of the variation in post\u2010race CK activity observed can be attributed to management factors unrelated to myopathy, suggesting increased CK activity may not be pathognomonic for myopathy. We advise caution in relying solely on serum muscle enzyme activity for diagnosis of myopathy until the strength of association between CK and myopathy is further ascertained in future studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.13519","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,4]],"date-time":"2021-10-04T08:21:22Z","timestamp":1633335682000},"page":"895-904","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Pre\u2010race and race management impacts serum muscle enzyme activity in Australian endurance horses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1931-8065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petra","family":"Buckley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Charles Sturt University  Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Buckley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Governance Unit Murrumbidgee Local Health District  Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Freire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Charles Sturt University  Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8405-6268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristopher J.","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Charles Sturt University  Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1995.tb04929.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1090-0233(05)80026-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1975.tb03258.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2016.1130"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.101669"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","first-page":"267","article-title":"Usefulness of creatine kinase activity determination for assessing the effects of physical effort in horses","author":"Buzala M","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pak Vet J."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","first-page":"R434","article-title":"Kinetic evaluation of muscle damage during exercise by calculation of amount of creatine kinase released","volume":"266","author":"Volfinger L","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0737-0806(89)80090-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2016.251-255"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"Elevation of blood creatine kinase and selected blood parameters after exercise in thoroughbred racehorses (Equus caballus L.)","volume":"2","author":"Octura JE","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Res Agricul Ani Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1999.tb05279.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2016.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2004.tb02637.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2746\/042516408X244262"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030098588602300409"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1999.tb05265.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","unstructured":"ValbergSJ.Exertional rhabdomyolysis. 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