{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T15:16:26Z","timestamp":1785338186401,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]],"date-time":"2021-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is a knowledge gap about how equine MFC subchondral radiolucencies (SR) arise and evolve. Osteoclasts are believed to have a role but have not been studied in situ.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To measure and compare osteoclast density and the percentage of chondroclasts in healthy and MFC SR specimens from juvenile Thoroughbreds.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cadaveric study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Medial femoral condyles (MFC) from a tissue bank of equine stifles were studied. Inclusion criteria were MFCs (\u22648\u00a0months old) with a computed tomography SR lesion and histological focal failure of endochondral ossification (L group). Contralateral, lesion\u2010free, MFCs were a control group (CC). Osteochondral slabs were cut through the lesion (L), a healthy site immediately caudal to the lesion, (internal control; IC) and the contralateral, site\u2010matched controls (CC). Histological sections were immunostained with Cathepsin K for osteoclast counting. Osteoclasts in contact with the growth cartilage (chondroclasts) were also counted. The sections were segmented into regions of interest (ROI) at different depths in the subchondral bone: ROI\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      (0\u20101\u00a0mm), ROI\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      (1\u20103\u00a0mm) and ROI\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      (3\u20106\u00a0mm). Osteoclasts were counted and the bone area was measured in each ROI to calculate their density. Chondroclasts were counted in ROI\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sections were studied from L and IC (n\u00a0=\u00a06) and CC sites (n\u00a0=\u00a05). Osteoclast density was significantly higher in ROI\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      when compared with ROI\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      in all groups. Although higher osteoclast density was measured in ROI\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      in the L group, no significant differences were detected when compared with control ROIs. The proportion of chondroclasts in ROI\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      was lower in the L sections when compared with controls but no significant differences were detected.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Limited sample size.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Osteoclasts are important actors in MFC subchondral bone development, digesting both growth cartilage (chondroclasts) and bone, but the pathophysiology of early MFC SRs cannot be explained solely by an increased osteoclast presence in the subchondral bone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.13530","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,30]],"date-time":"2021-10-30T11:54:33Z","timestamp":1635594873000},"page":"989-998","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Osteoclast density is not increased in bone adjacent to radiolucencies (cysts) in juvenile equine medial femoral condyles"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Rosalie","family":"Fortin\u2010Trahan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Comparative Orthopaedic Research Laboratory D\u00e9partement de Sciences Cliniques Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al  St\u2010Hyacinthe Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thibaut","family":"Lemirre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comparative Orthopaedic Research Laboratory D\u00e9partement de Sciences Cliniques Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al  St\u2010Hyacinthe Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6864-4302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth M.","family":"Santschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Kansas State University  Manhattan Kansas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer\u00a0G.","family":"Janes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Science University of Kentucky  Lexington Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0892-5799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00e9l\u00e8ne","family":"Richard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comparative Orthopaedic Research Laboratory D\u00e9partement de Sciences Cliniques Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al  St\u2010Hyacinthe Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ursula","family":"Fogarty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Irish Equine Centre  Naas Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy","family":"Beauchamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comparative Orthopaedic Research Laboratory D\u00e9partement de Sciences Cliniques Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al  St\u2010Hyacinthe Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christiane A.","family":"Girard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comparative Orthopaedic Research Laboratory D\u00e9partement de Sciences Cliniques Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al  St\u2010Hyacinthe Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3300-6620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheila","family":"Laverty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comparative Orthopaedic Research Laboratory D\u00e9partement de Sciences Cliniques Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al  St\u2010Hyacinthe Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.13486"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eve.13194"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Cystic bone lesions in horses and humans: a comparative review","volume":"11","author":"Rechenberg B","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","first-page":"347","volume-title":"Advances in Equine Nutrition III","author":"Scott N","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","unstructured":"JacksonM VizardA AndersonG ClarkeA MattoonJ&LavelleRet al. 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