{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T18:31:48Z","timestamp":1784313108641,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,11]],"date-time":"2022-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001829","name":"Universiteit Utrecht","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001829","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Iris cysts in horses are often asymptomatic and noticed incidentally. However, cysts can cause local corneal oedema and erratic behaviour like shying, decreased performance and head\u2010shaking.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe the use of diode laser as a noninvasive treatment option for iris cysts in the horse and to document factors influencing its efficacy, associated complications, long\u2010term outcome and rate of recurrence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective case series.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Case records of horses treated for iris cysts by diode laser at the Utrecht University Equine Clinic were reviewed between 2008 and 2020. Diagnosis was based on ophthalmic and ultrasonographic evaluation. Long\u2010term follow\u2010up was obtained in two phases, a telephone survey with the owner and a photographic re\u2010evaluation of the treated eyes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirty\u2010five horses were included, with a total of 46 eyes treated. One day after diode laser treatment (short\u2010term), 35\/46 treated eyes had a good decrease in cyst size, 7\/46 had a moderate effect, 1\/46 had a minimal effect, 1\/46 had no effect, and in two cases the effect was unspecified. The decrease in size after diode laser treatment in polycystic eyes (odds ratio [OR] 0.381, 95% CI 0.1530\u20130.724),\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u20090.001), thick\u2010walled cysts (OR\u00a0=\u00a00.139; CI\u00a0=\u00a00.023\u20130.726,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u20090.02) and hyperplastic corpora nigra (OR\u00a0=\u00a00.081; CI\u00a0=\u00a00.004\u20130.528,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u20090.03) was significantly less satisfactory, with ORs of 0.381, 0.139 and 0.081, respectively. Minor complications, such as mild reactive uveitis, were reported in 8\/46 (17%) eyes. On long\u2010term follow\u2010up (median 19\u2009months; IQR 25.5), clinical signs had diminished or disappeared in most cases (93%) and 83% of the owners would recommend the treatment. Based on long\u2010term photographic re\u2010evaluation (median 32.5\u00a0months; IQR 49.75), 2\/16 cases of recurrence were seen.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective design, follow\u2010up by telephone questionnaire and photographic re\u2010evaluation. Loss to follow\u2010up in the photographic re\u2010evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both short\u2010 and long\u2010term results indicate diode laser treatment is a useful and safe option for iris cyst size reduction, with a low risk of recurrence. Presurgical ultrasonography is recommended to assess the feasibility of treatment and to allow for better surgical planning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.13590","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,16]],"date-time":"2022-05-16T05:31:00Z","timestamp":1652679060000},"page":"205-213","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Noninvasive diode laser\u2013an effective and safe treatment of iris cysts in 46 eyes of 35 horses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6915-9402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanu\u00ebl K. L.","family":"Stas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Clinical Sciences, Equine Sciences, Equine Surgery and Orthopaedics Utrecht University  CM Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7581-6683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanneke","family":"Hermans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Clinical Sciences, Equine Sciences, Equine Surgery and Orthopaedics Utrecht University  CM Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4061-6542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inge J. M.","family":"Slenter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Clinical Sciences, Surgery of Companion Animals Ophthalmology  CM Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1067-3976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefanie","family":"Veraa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Clinical Sciences, Diagnostic Imaging Utrecht University  CM Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos M.","family":"Ensink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Clinical Sciences, Equine Sciences, Equine Surgery and Orthopaedics Utrecht University  CM Utrecht The 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