{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T15:25:57Z","timestamp":1787585157880,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]],"date-time":"2022-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Acetaminophen has been used clinically in horses alone or combined with traditional non\u2010steroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drugs for treatment of musculoskeletal pain in horses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of acetaminophen at two doses in horses with mechanically induced lameness compared with phenylbutazone or placebo control.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In vivo experiment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nine healthy mares with mechanical lameness induced via a reversible sole pressure horseshoe model were treated with acetaminophen (20\u2009mg\/kg PO; A20), acetaminophen (30\u2009mg\/kg PO; A30), phenylbutazone (2.2\u2009mg\/kg, PO; PB) and oral placebo (C) in a randomised four\u2010way Latin square model. Plasma concentrations for A20 and A30 were analysed via LC\u2010MS\/MS and noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis. Heart rate and heart rate variability were measured using a portable telemetry. Lameness was scored by three blinded boarded equine surgeons using the AAEP and 10\u2010point scales.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Mean maximum plasma concentration (\n                      <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) for A20 was 20.01\u2009\u03bcg\/ml within 0.66\u2009h (\n                      <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) after administration; The mean\n                      <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                      for A30 was 30.02\u2009\u03bcg\/ml with a\n                      <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                      of 0.43\u2009h. Post\u2010treatment heart rate for A30 was significantly lower than A20 at 1 and 7\u00a0h; lower than PB at 2, 3, 4.5 and 7\u00a0h; lower than C at 2, 3.5, 4.5, 6, 7 and 8\u00a0h. 10\u2010point Lameness scores were significantly improved for A30 than C at 2 and 4\u00a0h post\u2010treatment; PB was significantly improved than C at 8\u00a0h post treatment. There were no significant differences in lameness between A20, A30 and PB.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Small sample size, lack of objective lameness measurement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Acetaminophen at 30\u2009mg\/kg produced a more rapid improvement in lameness scores and heart rate compared with other treatments in this model. Further evaluation of the pharmacokinetics and safety of repeated oral dosing of acetaminophen at 30\u2009mg\/kg is needed to determine clinical utility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.13601","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,28]],"date-time":"2022-05-28T05:43:33Z","timestamp":1653716613000},"page":"524-533","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Pharmacokinetics and clinical efficacy of acetaminophen (paracetamol) in adult horses with mechanically induced lameness"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8112-5547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa A.","family":"Mercer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology Virginia\u2010Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine  Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8230-2237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harold C.","family":"McKenzie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences Virginia\u2010Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine  Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher R.","family":"Byron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences Virginia\u2010Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine  Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert S.","family":"Pleasant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences Virginia\u2010Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine  Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie H.","family":"Bogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences Virginia\u2010Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine  Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto M.","family":"Council\u2010Troche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology Virginia\u2010Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine  Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen R.","family":"Werre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences Virginia\u2010Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine  Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Travis","family":"Burns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences Virginia\u2010Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine  Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7930-4589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology Virginia\u2010Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine  Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"277","article-title":"The occurrence and causes of lameness and laminitis in the US horse population","volume":"46","author":"Kane A","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Am Assoc Equine Practnrs"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"USDA.NAHMS equine 2015 report 3: equine management and select equine health conditions in the United States [internet]; 2015. 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