{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T12:02:30Z","timestamp":1785240150307,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,9]],"date-time":"2022-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660003200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008465","name":"Forschungskreis der Ern\u00e4hrungsindustrie","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008465","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The equestrian discipline of eventing tests athletes' and horses' skill over three phases: dressage, jumping and cross\u2010country. Falls during cross\u2010country can be particularly serious and result in serious or fatal injury for both horse and athlete. Cross\u2010country course and fence design are crucial contributory factors to safety.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To provide descriptive statistics and identify fence\u2010level risk factors for horses competing in F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Equestre Internationale (FEI) events worldwide.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were collected for every horse start worldwide in all international (CI), championship (CH), Olympics (OG) and World Equestrian Games (WEG) eventing competitions between January 2008 and December 2018 and univariable logistic regression, followed by multivariable logistic regression were applied. The final model was built in a stepwise bi\u2010directional process, with each step assessed by the Akaike information criterion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Risk factors were identified at the fence level covering aspects of fence design and course design. Ten fence types were at increased odds of a fall occurring compared with square spread fences, and seven types were at reduced odds. Fences with an approach downhill (odds ratio [OR] 1.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19\u20131.52), with landing into water (OR 1.82, CI 1.62\u20132.01), frangible devices (OR 1.28, CI 1.15\u20131.41) and later elements of combined obstacles (OR 1.33 CI 1.25\u20131.42 for the second element, OR 1.21 CI 1.10\u20131.32 for later elements) were associated with increased risk of falls occurring.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although the dataset covers every international competition worldwide, it does not include national\u2010level competitions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It is recommended that the most challenging fences are placed near the beginning of the course, and not in downhill or water settings. The complexity of individual elements in combined fences should be reduced. Adopting evidence\u2010based course design is a crucial intervention for reducing the incidence of horse falls and associated serious and fatal injuries to horse and human athletes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.13863","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,17]],"date-time":"2022-07-17T00:07:57Z","timestamp":1658016477000},"page":"463-473","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Equestre Internationale eventing: Fence\u2010level risk factors for falls during the cross\u2010country phase (2008\u20132018)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9049-1920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Euan David","family":"Bennet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bristol Veterinary School University of Bristol, Langford Campus  Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0760-2584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heather","family":"Cameron\u2010Whytock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal Rural and Environmental Science Nottingham Trent University, Brackenhurst Campus  Southwell UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3566-9030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tim D. H.","family":"Parkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bristol Veterinary School University of Bristol, Langford Campus  Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"FEI website[cited 2022 3 May]. Available from:https:\/\/inside.fei.org\/fei\/disc\/eventing"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani6020013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","unstructured":"Eventing obituary tracker[cited 2022 3 May]. Available from:https:\/\/www.horsetalk.co.nz\/2012\/04\/02\/eventing-safety\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","unstructured":"FEI glossary[cited 2022 3 May]. Available from:https:\/\/inside.fei.org\/system\/files\/Glossary_0.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","unstructured":"News coverage[cited 2022 3 May]. Available from:https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/death-of-fifth-rider-shocks-eventing-into-crisis-reforms-1120793.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","unstructured":"IESC report.2000[cited 2022 3 May]. Available from:https:\/\/inside.fei.org\/system\/files\/2000%20Safety%20report.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2746\/042516403776114180"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.154.7.207"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2005.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2746\/042516406776563314"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2006.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.13522"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","unstructured":"FEI Barnett report.2016[cited 2022 3 May]. 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