{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T20:00:51Z","timestamp":1774900851079,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,9]],"date-time":"2022-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660003200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Gastrointestinal disease has been associated with shedding of\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n with previous studies demonstrating that horses with colic have a higher risk of acquiring and shedding\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n organisms.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n \n The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of and risk factors associated with\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n shedding in a colic population at a referral clinic.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study design<\/jats:title>\n Retrospective case\u2013control study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n For each colic case that was positive for\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a056), two colic cases (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a0112) that tested negative for\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n , were enrolled as controls. Associations between variables and\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n shedding were identified using logistic regression. Univariate and multivariable models were developed pertaining to (1) presenting clinicopathological data and (2) clinical variables that developed during hospitalisation.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Of the equids presenting with colic, 1585\/1917 had a sample submitted for\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n testing. Of these, 56 were positive for\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n yielding a prevalence of 3.5%. Equids shedding\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n were more likely to present in July (odds ratio [OR]\u00a0=\u00a07.2; 95% confidence interval [CI]\u00a0=\u00a01.63\u201332.13;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.009) and present with a history of fever (OR\u00a0=\u00a053.5; 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a02.57\u20131113.03;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.01), increased lactate (OR\u00a0=\u00a01.6; 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a01.14\u20132.29;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.007) and\/or neutropenia (OR\u00a0=\u00a00.79; 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.65\u20130.97;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.02). Hospitalised equids shedding\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n were more likely to be febrile (OR\u00a0=\u00a04.8; 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a01.47\u201315.8;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.01) and 10 times more likely to develop reflux (OR\u00a0=\u00a010.1; 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a01.67\u201361.43;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.01) compared to colic controls.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main limitations<\/jats:title>\n \n Retrospective nature of the study and bias inherent to the retrieval of data from medical records cannot be discounted. Classifying\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n status based on a single sample may have resulted in misclassification bias.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n The prevalence of\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n shedding in this colic population was low compared to earlier reports. Certain predictors such as the development of a fever or reflux in hospitalised colic cases were associated with\n Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n shedding and may help the clinician to promptly identify horses likely to shed; thus, helping institute effective use of barrier nursing precautions.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.13864","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,21]],"date-time":"2022-07-21T10:08:45Z","timestamp":1658398125000},"page":"446-455","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Prevalence of and risk factors associated with\n \n Salmonella<\/i>\n <\/scp>\n shedding among equids presented to a veterinary teaching hospital for colic (2013\u20132018)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1147-6824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabelle","family":"Kilcoyne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California\u2010Davis Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9988-3381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K. Gary","family":"Magdesian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Epidemiology School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California\u2010Davis Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margherita","family":"Guerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital University of California\u2010Davis Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie E.","family":"Dechant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California\u2010Davis Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sharon J.","family":"Spier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Epidemiology School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California\u2010Davis Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip H.","family":"Kass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine University of California\u2010Davis Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a113957"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1999.214.10.1511"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1985.187.03.256","article-title":"Salmonella shed by horses with colic","volume":"187","author":"Palmer JE","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med 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