{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T16:58:38Z","timestamp":1792083518859,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]],"date-time":"2022-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667433600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007458","name":"Qatar Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RG19_FD1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RG19_FD1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007458","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008459","name":"University of Calgary","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008459","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cardiac arrhythmias have not been previously reported in horses while swimming.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe the type and frequency of encountered arrhythmias during repetitive swimming cycles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Descriptive observational study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sixteen horses swam five pool lengths (75\u2009m), each separated by an active recovery walk. Continuous electrocardiograms (ECGs) were recorded (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a080) and analysed during the pre\u2010swim, swim and active\u2010recovery periods. Arrhythmias were categorised as sinus arrhythmia (SA), sinus block, sinus pause (compensatory and non\u2010compensatory), second degree atrioventricular block (2AVB) for physiological arrhythmias, supraventricular premature depolarisation (SVPD) and ventricular premature depolarisation (VPD) for non\u2010physiological arrhythmias. A linear mixed\u2010effects model was used to examine the effects of repetitive swim lengths on arrhythmias and swimming parameters. Data were reported as median [interquartile range].\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifteen horses (94%) experienced at least one arrhythmia; however, the frequency remained low and 2AVB were only observed during the pre\u2010swim period. The swimming heart rate (HR) was 162\u2009bpm [141;173]. Sinus blocks, sinus pauses, SA, SVPD and VPD were all recorded at least once during swimming. Except for one VPD couplet, all premature depolarisations were isolated. During active\u2010recovery, the HR was 105\u2009bpm [103;106], with SA observed in 13 horses (81%), isolated SVPD in six horses (38%), sinus pause in one horse (6%) but no VPD present.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Limited number of horses precluding population prevalence assessment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion and clinical importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>High\u2010quality underwater ECGs were acquired in swimming horses for the first time. The frequency of arrhythmias remained low and rare pathological arrhythmias were observed during repetitive swimming and active\u2010recovery cycles. Swimming with active\u2010recovery periods is not a high\u2010risk cardio\u2010arrhythmic exercise.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.13895","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,22]],"date-time":"2022-10-22T23:49:10Z","timestamp":1666482550000},"page":"738-746","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Frequency of cardiac arrhythmias in horses during straight and untethered swimming"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5164-2383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma","family":"Santosuosso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florent","family":"David","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Veterinary Medical Center Member of Qatar Foundation  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shannon","family":"Massie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvio A.","family":"Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Al Shaqab \u2013 Endurance Department Member of Qatar Foundation  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Persephone","family":"McCrae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Veterinary Medical Center Member of Qatar Foundation  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0381-3640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renaud","family":"Leguillette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","first-page":"79","article-title":"Swimming pool for horses","volume":"13","author":"Imahara T","year":"1976","journal-title":"Exp Rep Equine Hlth Lab"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.12786"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.13177"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2020.105583"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00583916"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.60.687"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","first-page":"S34","article-title":"Workload associated with untethered swimming in horses. 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