{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:49:46Z","timestamp":1787014186844,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]],"date-time":"2022-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021853","name":"Horse Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G4018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G4018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021853","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Low\u2010field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely available to equine veterinarians yet is insensitive at detecting cartilage damage in the distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ). T2 mapping is a quantitative imaging technique that can detect cartilage damage before morphological change is apparent.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Validation of a T2 mapping sequence on a low\u2010field MR system. Correlation of the mean T2 relaxation time in sections of cartilage with varying levels of pathology using low\u2010 and high\u2010field MRI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eight phantoms with known (nominal) T2 values underwent low\u2010field (0.27\u2009T) MRI and 38 ex vivo DIPJs were imaged. A further 9 ex vivo DIPJs were imaged on both the low\u2010 and high\u2010field MR systems. Immediately after imaging, the DIPJs were disarticulated and samples collected for histology. Histological sections were graded using the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) scoring system. Fiji ImageJ software with the MRIAnalysisPak plugin was used to calculate T2 maps and draw the regions of interest (ROIs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There was close agreement between the nominal and the measured T2 values in the phantom study. Spearman's rank correlation demonstrated significant positive correlation between low\u2010 and high\u2010field T2 measurements, rho 0.644 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The intrarater agreement for T2 measurements was excellent, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)\u00a0=\u00a00.99 (95% confidence interval [CI]\u00a0=\u00a00.99\u20131.00), the inter\u2010rater agreement was excellent, ICC\u00a0=\u00a00.88 (95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.82\u20130.92) and there was good intrarater agreement for OARSI scores (\u043a\u00a0=\u00a00.76).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Only a small number of histological samples were analysed. Both articular cartilage surfaces were measured within the ROI. There were no OARSI grade 0 control samples.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A T2 mapping sequence on a low\u2010field 0.27\u2009T MR system was validated. There was a positive correlation between low\u2010 and high\u2010field T2 measurements. The findings suggest a higher mean T2 relaxation time in pathological cartilage tissue examined in this study compared to normal equine cartilage tissue.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.13900","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]],"date-time":"2022-11-17T23:59:21Z","timestamp":1668729561000},"page":"843-852","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["T2 mapping of cartilage in the equine distal interphalangeal joint with corresponding histology using 0.27 T and 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3684-4972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa Eve","family":"Baker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute The University of Edinburgh  Midlothian UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy Elizabeth","family":"Kershaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Edinburgh Imaging and Centre for Cardiovascular Science The University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann","family":"Carstens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Science Charles Sturt University  Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carola Riccarda","family":"Daniel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute The University of Edinburgh  Midlothian UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute The University of Edinburgh  Midlothian UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steve","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hallmarq Veterinary Imaging Ltd  Guildford, Surrey UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9714-8495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah Elizabeth","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute The University of Edinburgh  Midlothian UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2010.00361.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4557-5969-9.00003-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2746\/042516403775696357"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2746\/042516406776563305"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2019.00508"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5877(96)01080-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2007.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.13273"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2746\/042516408X363242"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2001.62.1418"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.232.1.85"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","unstructured":"SeitzingerAH Traub\u2010DargatzJL KaneAJ KopralCA MorleyPS GarberLP LosingerWC HillGW.A comparison of the economic costs of equine lameness colic and equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM). 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