{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T12:14:42Z","timestamp":1788956082069,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]],"date-time":"2023-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There are a growing number of horses, ponies, and donkeys aged 15\u2009years or older in the United Kingdom, yet there have been no studies utilising a complete ophthalmic examination to investigate the prevalence of ophthalmic pathology within this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the prevalence of ophthalmic pathology and associations with signalment, in a convenience sample of geriatric equids in the United Kingdom.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross sectional.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Horses, ponies, and donkeys aged 15\u2009years or older based at The Horse Trust charity underwent a full ophthalmic examination including slit lamp biomicroscopy and indirect ophthalmoscopy. Relationships between signalment and pathology were assessed using Fisher's exact and Mann\u2013Witney\n                      <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>\n                      tests.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fifty animals were examined ranging from 15 to 33\u2009years (median 24, interquartile range [IQR] 21, 27). The prevalence of ocular pathology was 84.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 73.8, 94.2%;\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200942). Four animals (8.0%) had adnexal pathology, while 37 (74.0%) and 22 (44.0%) had at least one form of anterior or posterior segment pathology, respectively. Of those with anterior segment pathology, 26 animals (52.0%) had cataract in at least one eye, with the most common location being anterior cortical (65.0% of those animals with cataract). Animals with posterior segment pathology included 21 animals (42.0%) with fundic pathology, with senile retinopathy being the most common (42.9% of all animals with fundic pathology). Despite the high prevalence of ocular pathology, all eyes examined remained visual. The most common breeds were Irish Draught (24.0%,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200912), Shetland (18.0%,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20099) and Thoroughbred (10%,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20095); the majority were geldings (74.0%,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200937). There was a statistically significant relationship between the presence of anterior segment pathology and breed (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.006), with all Cobs and Shetlands examined having anterior segment pathology. The presence of posterior segment pathology and senile retinopathy were associated with older median age (posterior segment pathology: 26.0\u2009years [interquartile range {IQR} 24.0, 30.0\u2009years] vs. 23.5\u2009years [IRQ 19.5, 26.5\u2009years],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.03; senile retinopathy: 27.0\u2009years [IQR 26.0, 30\u2009years] vs. 24.0\u2009years [IQR 20.0, 27.0],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.04). None of the pathologies investigated were more prone to affect one versus both eyes (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.05; 71.4% of ocular pathologies were bilateral while 28.6% were unilateral).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were obtained from a relatively small sample size of a single cohort of animals that lacked a control group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There was a high prevalence and wide range of ocular lesions in this subset of geriatric equids.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.13941","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]],"date-time":"2023-04-18T03:01:42Z","timestamp":1681786902000},"page":"121-130","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Ocular findings in a population of geriatric equids in the United Kingdom"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8192-4624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ria","family":"Chalder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Housby\u2010Skeggs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Horse Trust, Slad Lane  Princes Risborough UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Horse Trust, Slad Lane  Princes Risborough UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2986-1851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danica","family":"Pollard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The British Horse Society  Kenilworth UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Hartley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Blacklock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2010.00142.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-8525-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.153.11.319"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2010.00361.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.13005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/62.6.1439S"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1989.01070020555039"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1989.01070010379027"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)91685-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-013-9791-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.318.7193.1288a"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","first-page":"427","article-title":"Schirmer tear test measurement and lysozyme concentration of equine tears","volume":"1","author":"Marts B","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Equine Med Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","volume-title":"Veterinary ophthalmology","author":"Gelatt KN","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","first-page":"239","article-title":"UV index and UV dose distributions for Australia (1997\u20132001)","volume":"53","author":"Lemus\u2010Deschamps L","year":"2004","journal-title":"Aust Met Mag"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3835(96)04359-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0021-9975(96)80010-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.82.12.1658"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejm198812013192201"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1638\/2015-0252.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-10482"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1991.01080020090051"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1984.184.11.1363"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","first-page":"371","article-title":"Inherited nuclear cataracts in the Morgan horse","volume":"76","author":"Beech J","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Hered"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1463-5224.1999.00050.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12417"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2043","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1971.158.12.2043","article-title":"Chorioretinitis in a band of horses","volume":"158","author":"Roberts SR","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.131.11.237-a"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1297-9716-44-118"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4377-0846-2.00010-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2006.00444.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","first-page":"829","article-title":"Equid herpesvirus 1 and equid herpesvirus 4 infections","volume":"2","author":"Allen G","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect Dis Livest"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0378-1135(99)00057-7"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","first-page":"948","article-title":"Experimental chronic uveitis. Ophthalmic signs following equine leptospirosis","volume":"10","author":"Williams RD","year":"1971","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12915"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1990.tb04705.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13816818909083771"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2010.00868.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2003.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2011.00878.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.13009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2012.00630.x"}],"container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/evj.13941","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T11:37:45Z","timestamp":1762083465000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/evj.13941"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/evj.13941"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/evj.13941","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.13941\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.13941\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.13941\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.13941\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.13941\/v3\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.13941\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.13941\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.13941\/v3\/response1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0425-1644","2042-3306"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0425-1644","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-3306","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-11-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-03-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-04-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}