{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T10:03:24Z","timestamp":1789639404805,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,6]],"date-time":"2023-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A single dose of metformin administered 1\u2009h prior to oral glucose challenge was previously shown to reduce insulinaemic responses in horses with experimentally\u2010induced insulin dysregulation (ID). Targeted administration could be useful for controlling post\u2010prandial hyperinsulinaemia in horses with naturally\u2010occurring ID.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective was to compare the insulinaemic and glycaemic responses to oral sugar testing (OST) performed at different intervals after a single dose of metformin in horses with naturally\u2010occurring ID. We hypothesised that pre\u2010treatment with one dose of metformin would significantly decrease the insulinaemic response to OST.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Randomised cross\u2010over in vivo experiment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eight university\u2010owned adult horses with naturally\u2010occurring ID underwent OST 1, 2 and 6\u2009h following a single oral dose of metformin (30\u2009mg\/kg) or 1\u2009h after placebo (240\u2009mL water) with a 7\u2010day washout between treatments over a period of 3\u2009weeks. Plasma insulin, C\u2010peptide and glucose concentrations were measured at 0, 60 and 90\u2009min after 0.45\u2009mL\/kg light corn syrup and the effect of treatment (and the interval since dosing) examined using a mixed effects linear regression model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Metformin treatment had no significant effect on plasma glucose, insulin or C\u2010peptide concentrations at any time point compared with placebo (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.05). For OST 1\u2009h post metformin, median (IQR) plasma insulin was 91.3 (62.4\u2013114.9) \u03bcIU\/mL at 60\u2009min versus 76.2 (59.1\u2013134.5) for placebo (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.8) and 62.7 (31.4\u2013109.7) at 90\u2009min versus 51.8 (29.2\u2013126.3) for placebo (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.9).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Small sample size may limit identification of more subtle decreases in insulin concentration with metformin pre\u2010dosing. The results of this study are relevant only for one pre\u2010treatment dose (30\u2009mg\/kg) which limits extrapolation to predictions about the effects of longer\u2010term metformin administration on insulin and glucose dynamics in the horse.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and clinical importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results do not support the use of targeted metformin treatment to reduce post\u2010prandial hyperinsulinaemia in horses with naturally\u2010occurring ID.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.13979","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,7]],"date-time":"2023-08-07T01:32:40Z","timestamp":1691371960000},"page":"318-325","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The effect of pre\u2010dosing with metformin on the insulin response to oral sugar 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