{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T01:43:58Z","timestamp":1787622238912,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]],"date-time":"2023-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695254400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010282","name":"Harry M. 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The inclusion criteria followed a participants, interventions, comparisons, outcome and study design (PICOS) approach. For inclusion, studies had to include live equids with non\u2010septic tenosynovitis of any tendon sheath. Studies were excluded if they only described non\u2010equine species, if they included data only on non\u2010tendon sheath structures, or if they included data exclusively on cases of septic or contaminated tendon sheaths. Determination of non\u2010sepsis relied on the diagnosis of the original authors; however, if non\u2010sepsis was not explicitly specified, then cases that had a history of contamination of the sheath, a wound near the sheath or a positive bacterial culture were excluded from analysis. Data analysed included the distribution of structures affected by non\u2010septic tenosynovitis, the most common pathological lesions identified within each sheath, and the most frequently reported surgical complications of non\u2010septic tenosynovitis. The quality of each study was assessed using a methodological quality analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 85 studies describing non\u2010septic tenosynovitis in the horse were included. Across all 85 studies, there were a total of 2449 tendon sheaths in 2101 horses reported to be affected by non\u2010septic tenosynovitis. The digital flexor sheath was the most reported structure to be diagnosed with non\u2010septic tenosynovitis: 41\/85 (48%) studies examined the digital flexor sheath exclusively, followed by the carpal flexor sheath, tarsal flexor sheath, carpal extensor sheaths, tarsal extensor sheaths, and one case of biceps brachii non\u2010septic tenosynovitis. For most tendon sheaths, the most common pathological lesion was an intrathecal tear of a soft tissue structure, including tears of the deep digital flexor tendon and tears of the manica flexoria. Bilateral disease was most common in the carpal flexor sheath, where distal radial physeal exostoses were the most common pathological lesions. Less common causes of non\u2010septic tenosynovitis included neoplasia, fracture of a bone adjacent to a tendon sheath, and mineralisation of an intrathecal tendon. The likelihood of return to previous level of athletic function following non\u2010septic tenosynovitis of most structures was approximately 50%, and the most common complication was persistent effusion following tenoscopy. While iatrogenic infection following surgery was uncommon, it was most likely following tenoscopy of the digital flexor sheath.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Non\u2010septic tenosynovitis is commonly reported in equine athletes, with intra\u2010thecal tears of the deep digital flexor tendon, superficial digital flexor tendon and manica flexoria frequently reported. Directions for future research include more thorough assessment of and reporting of complications following non\u2010septic tenosynovitis and correlation of characteristics of intrathecal pathological lesions with clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.14000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,22]],"date-time":"2023-09-22T02:17:11Z","timestamp":1695349031000},"page":"842-857","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Equine non\u2010septic tenosynovitis: A systematic literature review of site\u2010specific pathological lesions, outcomes\u00a0and surgical complications"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"McKenna K.","family":"Caspers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Cornell University  Ithaca New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Collin 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