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Cleavage of proglucagon (coded by the\n                      <jats:italic>GCG<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene) produces aGLP\u20101 in enteral L cells.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The aim in vivo was to examine the sequence of the exons of\n                      <jats:italic>GCG<\/jats:italic>\n                      in horses with and without ID, where aGLP\u20101 was higher in the group with ID. The aims in vitro were to identify and quantify the expression of\n                      <jats:italic>GCG<\/jats:italic>\n                      in the equine intestine (as a marker of L cells) and determine intestinal secretion of aGLP\u20101.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Genomic studies were case\u2013control studies. Expression and secretion studies in vitro were cross\u2010sectional.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The\n                      <jats:italic>GCG<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene sequence of the exons was determined using a hybridisation capture protocol. Expression and quantification of\n                      <jats:italic>GCG<\/jats:italic>\n                      in samples of stomach duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum and ascending and descending colon was achieved with droplet digital PCR. For secretory studies tissue explants were incubated with 12\u2009mM glucose and aGLP\u20101 secretion was measured with an ELISA.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Although the median [IQR] post\u2010prandial aGLP\u20101 concentrations were higher (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.03) in animals with ID (10.2 [8.79\u201315.5]), compared with healthy animals (8.47 [6.12\u201311.7]), there was 100% pairwise identity of the exons of the\n                      <jats:italic>GCG<\/jats:italic>\n                      sequence for the cohort. The mRNA concentrations of\n                      <jats:italic>GCG<\/jats:italic>\n                      and secretion of aGLP\u20101 differed (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) throughout the intestine.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Only the exons of the\n                      <jats:italic>GCG<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene were sequenced and breeds were not compared. The horses used for the study in vitro were not assessed for ID and different horses were used for the small, and large, intestinal studies.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Differences in post\u2010prandial aGLP\u20101 concentration were not due to a variant in the exons of the\n                      <jats:italic>GCG<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene sequence in this cohort. Both the large and small intestine are sites of GLP\u20101 secretion.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.14020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T01:44:49Z","timestamp":1697679889000},"page":"352-360","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Expression of the\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>GCG<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    gene and secretion of active glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 varies along the length of intestinal tract in horses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5801-4427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danielle M.","family":"Fitzgerald","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science Queensland University of Technology  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina M.","family":"Cash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science Queensland University of Technology  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin J.","family":"Dudley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science Queensland University of Technology  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Poppy E. 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