{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T14:58:50Z","timestamp":1782140330295,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,26]],"date-time":"2023-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703548800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001280","name":"Horserace Betting Levy Board","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HBLB vet\/prj\/791"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HBLB vet\/prj\/791"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001280","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Early\u2010life locomotor activity during turn out may alter susceptibility to musculoskeletal disease and injury via modulation of behaviours and tissue development during growth.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n Investigate associations between turn out practices and rates of musculoskeletal disease and injury in young Thoroughbreds on stud farms in the United Kingdom.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study design<\/jats:title>\n Prospective cohort.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Daily records were kept on location and duration of turn out for 134 Thoroughbred foals on six stud farms, from birth until leaving the farm or study exit. Data on veterinary\u2010attended episodes of musculoskeletal disease or injury were collated concurrently. Average daily turn out times (hours), areas (acres) and group size (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n foals) were calculated for rolling 7\u2010 and 30\u2010day periods of age. Multivariable Cox regression, including farm as a random effect, was used to investigate associations between turn out practices and musculoskeletal disease and injury.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The overall incidence of musculoskeletal disease or injury was 5.3 cases\/100 foal\u2010months at risk (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.2\u20136.6). Compared with 24\/7 turn out, average daily turn out times of between 9 and 23\u2009hours over a 7\u2010day period were associated with a 4.6\u2010fold increase in musculoskeletal injury rate (95% CI: 1.7\u201312.3;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001), adjusting for farm and paddock area. Each 1\u2010acre increase in the average daily turn out area during the 4th month of life, reduced the rate of musculoskeletal disease and injury between 6 and 18\u2009months of age by 24% (hazard ratio 0.76, 95% CI: 0.58\u20130.99;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001), adjusting for farm and turn out time.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main limitations<\/jats:title>\n Non\u2010random sample of participants may affect generalisability. Use of veterinary\u2010attended events likely underestimates disease\/injury rates.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Results suggest that disruptions or alterations to turn out time routines increase injury risk and should be avoided where possible. Turn out in larger paddocks, particularly before weaning, may confer protection against subsequent musculoskeletal disease and injury.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.14038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,26]],"date-time":"2023-12-26T06:48:26Z","timestamp":1703573306000},"page":"892-901","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Associations between turn out practices and rates of musculoskeletal disease and injury in Thoroughbred foals and yearlings on stud farms in the United Kingdom"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9850-7878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca","family":"Mouncey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences Royal Veterinary College Hatfield UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3395-8410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan C.","family":"Arango\u2010Sabogal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences Royal Veterinary College Hatfield UK"},{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"de Mestre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University Ithaca New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristien L.","family":"Verheyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences Royal Veterinary College Hatfield UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1999.tb05307.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2002.tb05430.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2746\/042516408x268923"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.101034"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2013.03.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1999.tb05323.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2010.11.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2013.03.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2009.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/156853979X00160"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-1591(88)90100-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.67.7.1212"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9090646"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.13130"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1294\/jes.29.61"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10888705.2017.1360773"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2010.00564.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2006.09.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3920\/9789086866144_010"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2005.08.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2011.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/vetr.2994"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_24_1","volume-title":"Stata power, precision and sample\u2010size reference manual","author":"Stata Corp","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_25_1","volume-title":"Margins\u2014marginal means, predictive margins, and marginal effects","author":"Stata Corp","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_26_1","unstructured":"WangJL.Smoothing hazard rates. Contribution to the Encyclopedia of Biostatistics.2003https:\/\/www.stat.ucdavis.edu\/~wang\/paper\/hazardeob4.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_27_1","unstructured":"Stata Corp.stcurve \u2013 plot survivor hazard cumulative hazard or cumulative incidence function.https:\/\/www.stata.com\/manuals13\/ststcurve.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_28_1","volume-title":"stcox postestimation\u2014postestimation tools for stcox","author":"Stata Corp","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0962728600024039"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2746\/095777309x383883"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1591(01)00196-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12420"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2006.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2746\/042516408X253118"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2012.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731109004820"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1980.tb02288.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2019.02.272"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani2040640"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/AN19629"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11123402"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21836\/PEM20110620"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/an17685"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_44_1","first-page":"128","article-title":"Biological underpinnings of Frost's mechanostat thresholds: the important role of osteocytes","volume":"10","author":"Hughes JM","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_45_1","unstructured":"Thoroughbred Breeders Association.Equine Welfare Guidelines 2022.www.thetba.co.uk"}],"container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/evj.14038","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T17:20:12Z","timestamp":1759425612000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/evj.14038"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,26]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/evj.14038"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/evj.14038","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.14038\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.14038\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.14038\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.14038\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.14038\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.14038\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0425-1644","2042-3306"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0425-1644","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-3306","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-06-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-11-24","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-12-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}