{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T04:20:26Z","timestamp":1791519626147,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,27]],"date-time":"2023-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703635200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pathological fractures have been reported in equids with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) but their prevalence and pathogenesis is unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To compare: (1) bone mineral density (BMD) in weight bearing and nonweight bearing bones in PPID\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      equids and aged and young PPID\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      controls; and (2) biomechanical properties of the fourth lumbar vertebral body in PPID\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      equids and aged PPID\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      equids.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Case\u2013control study: five PPID\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      equids and six aged and four young PPID\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      control horses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      PPID status was based on clinical signs and necropsy examination of the pituitary gland (PG). The lumbar vertebral column, right front third metacarpus (MC3), left hind third metatarsus (MT3), and PG were removed after euthanasia. BMD was determined by quantitative computed tomography of regions of interest (ROI) in each bone and biomechanical testing was performed on the fourth lumbar vertebral body. Serum concentrations of parathormone (PTH), ionised Ca\n                      <jats:sup>++<\/jats:sup>\n                      , 25\u2010hydroxyvitamin D, and osteocalcin (OC) were also measured. Data were analysed using one\u2010way ANOVA and correlation analyses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      BMD of trabecular and cortical regions of interest (ROI) of the third, fourth (L4), and fifth lumbar vertebrae were significantly lower in PPID\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      equids as compared with aged (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090. 001) and young (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01) PPID\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      controls. In contrast, no differences were found in BMD of trabecular or cortical ROIs of MC3 and MT3 between groups. No differences were detected in force at fracture, displacement at fracture, Young's modulus or strain of L4 between PPID\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      and aged PPID\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      horses. No differences were found in serum PTH, ionised Ca\n                      <jats:sup>++<\/jats:sup>\n                      , 25\u2010hydroxyvitamin D, or OC concentrations between groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Limited number of equids studied and variation in test results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>BMD of nonweight bearing bones can be decreased with PPID and could increase risk of developing pathological fractures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.14039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,27]],"date-time":"2023-12-27T23:57:20Z","timestamp":1703721440000},"page":"368-376","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Lumbar vertebral bone density is decreased in horses with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Aimee C.","family":"Colbath","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University  Ithaca New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1007-9360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica S.","family":"Fortin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine Michigan State University  East Lansing Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline M.","family":"Burglass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Michigan State University  East Lansing Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Char","family":"Panek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University  Ithaca New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9392-8363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando B.","family":"Vergara\u2010Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources Michigan State University  East Lansing Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tyler N.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, College of Engineering Michigan State University  East Lansing Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cara A.","family":"Robison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources Michigan State University  East Lansing Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alyssa A.","family":"Logan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources Michigan State University  East Lansing Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan A.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biologic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University  Raleigh North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian D.","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources Michigan State University  East Lansing Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7728-5409","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"II","given":"Harold C.","family":"Schott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Michigan State University  East Lansing Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0749-0739(02)00018-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2010.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci9100556"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2018-00726"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","first-page":"664","article-title":"Bioactivity of plasma ACTH from horses with PPID compared to normal horses","volume":"25","author":"Cordero M","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2000.tb03970.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4142\/jvs.2015.16.4.531"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17446651.2019.1617131"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(93)90057-v"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","first-page":"133","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus with pituitary neoplasms in a horse and a dog","volume":"52","author":"King JM","year":"1962","journal-title":"Cornell Vet"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","first-page":"623","article-title":"Adenomas of the pars intermedia associated with hyperglycemia and glycosuria in two horses","volume":"56","author":"Loeb WF","year":"1966","journal-title":"Cornell Vet"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0021-9975(08)80260-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","first-page":"594","article-title":"Equine pituitary neoplasia: a clinical report of 21 cases (1990\u20131992)","volume":"133","author":"Kolk JH","year":"1993","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jvim.15314"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1983.tb01826.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","unstructured":"[Cited 2023 June 10]. Available from:https:\/\/animaldrugsatfda.fda.gov\/adafda\/app\/search\/public\/document\/downloadFoi\/890"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.45-1-26"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.231.3.417"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2010.00123.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skz202"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pez165"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02411053"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/tcmj.tcmj_233_20"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-018-1588-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2005.12.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2493080206"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-019-00498-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2018.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(18)30110-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/21514593221092880"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2021.106620"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2023.104491"}],"container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/evj.14039","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T07:48:00Z","timestamp":1762069680000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/evj.14039"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,27]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/evj.14039"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/evj.14039","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.14039\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.14039\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.14039\/v1\/review3","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.14039\/v3\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.14039\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.14039\/v2\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.14039\/v2\/review3","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.14039\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.14039\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.14039\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.14039\/v3\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.14039\/v3\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.14039\/v3\/review3","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.14039\/v3\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0425-1644","2042-3306"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0425-1644","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-3306","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-05-31","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-12-05","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-12-27","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}