{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T21:59:43Z","timestamp":1789682383461,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]],"date-time":"2024-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001794","name":"University of Queensland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001794","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007825","name":"American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Insulin dysregulation (ID) is central to equine metabolic syndrome. There are limited epidemiological studies investigating dynamic testing of ID in ponies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate prevalence and risk factors for ID through dynamic testing of hyperinsulinaemia (DHI) and insulin resistance (IR).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sex, age, breed, height, cresty neck score (CNS), body condition score (BCS), laminitis,\n                      <jats:italic>HMGA2<\/jats:italic>\n                      :c.83G&gt;A genotype and pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) status were documented. Dynamic hyperinsulinaemia was diagnosed with an oral sugar test (OST) and IR with an insulin tolerance test (ITT). Owners completed surveys reporting activity, laminitis history and perception of body condition using a (1\u20139) visual analogue scale (VASo). Ordinal scores were converted to binary outcomes for CNS (\u22642\/5 or \u22653\/5), BCS and VASo (\u22646\/9 or \u22657\/9). Variables associated with insulin concentrations, glucose reduction after the ITT and laminitis were evaluated with mixed effects regression models accounting for random effects of farms.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 167 ponies tested, median (range) age was 9 (4\u201321) years and BCS was 6 (4\u20138). Prevalence (95% confidence interval [CI]) of ID was 61 (53\u201368)%. Factors associated with insulin concentrations (estimate [95% CI]; \u03bcIU\/mL) 60\u2009min post\u2010OST were: age (1.07 [1.02\u20131.11]), CNS (\u22653\/5, 1.52 [1.04\u20132.23]) and VASo (\u22657\/9, 1.75 [1.09\u20132.79]); and 90\u2009min post\u2010OST were: age (1.08 [1.03\u20131.12]), CNS (\u22653\/5, 1.80 [1.22\u20132.64]), VASo (\u22657\/9, 2.49 [1.52\u20134.08]) and sex (male, 0.64 [0.45\u20130.91]). Factors associated with glucose reduction after the ITT (estimate [95% CI]; %) were: age (\u22121.34 [\u22122.01 to \u22120.67]), sex (female, \u22126.21 [\u221211.68 to \u22120.74]) and VASo (\u22657\/9, \u22121.74 [\u221218.89 to \u22124.78]). Factors associated with laminitis (odds ratio [95% CI]) were DHI (4.60 [1.68\u201312.58]), IR (3.66 [1.26\u201310.61]) and PPID (11.75 [1.54\u201389.40]).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Single time\u2010point sampling, laminitis definition and diet analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ageing, being female and owner\u2010perceived obesity were associated with ID.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.14044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]],"date-time":"2024-01-04T00:55:08Z","timestamp":1704329708000},"page":"281-290","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Epidemiological investigation of insulin dysregulation in Shetland and Welsh ponies in Australia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0703-8306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brianna L.","family":"Clark","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Science The University of Queensland  Gatton Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9450-2893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elaine M.","family":"Norton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Arizona  Tucson Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7675-9126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Bamford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Veterinary School The University of Melbourne  Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7224-191X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Imtiaz A. S.","family":"Randhawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Science The University of Queensland  Gatton Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8867-5210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kate L.","family":"Kemp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Science The University of Queensland  Gatton Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6807-0318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Molly E.","family":"McCue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine The University of Minnesota  St Paul Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2820-8431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fran\u00e7ois\u2010Ren\u00e9","family":"Bertin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Science The University of Queensland  Gatton Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2464-3954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allison J.","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Science The University of Queensland  Gatton Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15423"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.13053"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.69.1.122"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.13529"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2018.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2013.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15782"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.13572"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.12159"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15403"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16723"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.150.20.632"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2008.02.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1983.tb01826.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.7084"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2012.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.105607"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2013.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12826"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_1","unstructured":"FrankN BaileyS BertinF\u2010R deLaatM DurhamA KritchevskyJ et al.Recommendations for the diagnosis and management of Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS).2022. 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