{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T01:10:34Z","timestamp":1787793034736,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,30]],"date-time":"2024-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001280","name":"Horserace Betting Levy Board","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SPrj033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SPrj033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001280","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Agreement between experienced observers for assessment of pathology and assessment confidence are poorly documented for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the equine foot.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To report interobserver agreement for pathology assessment and observer confidence for key anatomical structures of the equine foot during MRI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Exploratory clinical study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Ten experienced observers (diploma or associate level) assessed 15 equine foot MRI studies acquired from clinical databases of 3 MRI systems. Observers graded pathology in seven key anatomical structures (Grade 1: no pathology, Grade 2: mild pathology, Grade 3: moderate pathology, Grade 4: severe pathology) and provided a grade for their confidence for each pathology assessment (Grade 1: high confidence, Grade 2: moderate confidence, Grade 3: limited confidence, Grade 4: no confidence). Interobserver agreement for the presence\/absence of pathology and agreement for individual grades of pathology were assessed with Fleiss' kappa (\n                      <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\n                      ). Overall interobserver agreement for pathology was determined using Fleiss' kappa and Kendall's coefficient of concordance (KCC). The distribution of grading was also visualised with bubble charts.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Interobserver agreement for the presence\/absence of pathology of individual anatomical structures was poor\u2010to\u2010fair, except for the navicular bone which had moderate agreement (\n                      <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.52). Relative agreement for pathology grading (accounting for the ranking of grades) ranged from KCC\u2009=\u20090.19 for the distal interphalangeal joint to KCC\u2009=\u20090.70 for the navicular bone. Agreement was generally greatest at the extremes of pathology. Observer confidence in pathology assessment was generally moderate to high.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Distribution of pathology varied between anatomical structures due to random selection of clinical MRI studies. Observers had most experience with low\u2010field MRI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Even with experienced observers, there can be notable variation in the perceived severity of foot pathology on MRI for individual cases, which could be important in a clinical context.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.14126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T01:54:21Z","timestamp":1719798861000},"page":"406-418","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Interobserver agreement during clinical magnetic resonance imaging of the equine foot"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0798-0286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian 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