{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T16:45:45Z","timestamp":1793119545202,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]],"date-time":"2024-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional imaging improves the diagnostic accuracy of complex anatomical regions. Computed tomography (CT) of the pelvis and caudal spine in a large group of live horses and ponies has not been previously reported.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe the procedure for acquiring CT images of horses' caudal spine\/pelvis under general anaesthesia (GA) and to detail the image quality, artefacts and anatomical variations in this region.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective case series.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Horses with CT of the caudal spine\/pelvis were included. Horses under 6\u2009months and CT examination performed\n                      <jats:italic>post\u2010mortem<\/jats:italic>\n                      were excluded. Protocols, image quality, region of interest, anatomical features and morbidities were analysed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifty\u2010six horses (8\u2009months to 20\u2009years, 85\u2013680\u2009kg) met the inclusion criteria. GA ranged from 10 to 60\u2009min (mean: 30, median: 32). There were no adverse events recorded in any of the horses associated with the procedure. Images of all horses were considered of diagnostic quality. Anatomical variations were common and included the location of diverging (widest) interspinous space, the presence of spina bifida in the lumbar and sacral spine, the shape of the last lumbar vertebra and the location of intertransverse joints in terms of where they were present and the degree of fusion\/modelling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Not all horses underwent CT examination of the same regions, the upper size limit of horses is unknown and will vary depending on bore size and table infrastructure. Image noise, particularly in large horses and beam hardening artefacts from hardware and pelvis degraded image quality. Images were of insufficient quality in large horses for soft tissue interpretation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CT of the caudal spine and pelvis in live horses with wide\u2010bore CT machines and modified patient infrastructure was safe and produced diagnostic images.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.14422","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]],"date-time":"2024-10-11T01:39:24Z","timestamp":1728610764000},"page":"1265-1278","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Computed tomography of the equine caudal spine and pelvis: Technique, image quality and anatomical variation in 56 clinical cases (2018\u20132023)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8272-631X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadine Kristina Elise","family":"Ogden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"B&amp;W Equine Hospital  Berkeley UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9121-5649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katja","family":"Winderickx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lingehoeve Diergeneeskunde  Lienden Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1693-1454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alison","family":"Bennell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leahurst Equine Hospital, University of Liverpool  Wirral UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0064-7923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John 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