{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T12:46:32Z","timestamp":1785761192251,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021\/05152\u20100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\/05152\u20100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Endometritis is the leading cause of subfertility in horses, and it is a clinical problem where historically antibiotics have not always been used with prudent justification. Because of this, alternative therapies to treat endometritis are necessary for the rational use of antibiotics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the in vitro antimicrobial activity of non\u2010traditional therapies commonly used in clinical practice against microorganisms causing infectious endometritis in mares.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In vitro experiments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A microdilution technique was performed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 50%, 90% and 100% of microorganisms and the percentage of inhibition (PI) of each therapy against each microorganism (\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      sp.). The MIC 50% and 90% were determined using non\u2010linear regression, while MIC 100% was assessed using the resazurin dye technique. The serial PI was evaluated for each therapy using a spectrophotometer.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      All the therapies demonstrated a PI higher than positive controls for all microorganisms (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05); however, the only therapies that presented MIC 100 values were hydrogen peroxide and platelet\u2010rich and \u2010poor plasma.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In vivo, safety and treatment efficacy were not tested.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hydrogen peroxide and platelet\u2010rich and \u2010poor plasma might be alternatives to traditional therapies for endometritis to support a reduction in antibiotic use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.14423","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T07:12:03Z","timestamp":1729494723000},"page":"1118-1126","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["In vitro antimicrobial activity of non\u2010traditional therapies for infectious endometritis in mares"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3190-3985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana P.","family":"Mazzuchini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Illinois Urbana\u2014Champaign  Champaign Illinois USA"},{"name":"Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP)  Botucatu S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5157-1506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando Paix\u00e3o","family":"Lisboa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP)  Botucatu S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1664-3986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica I.","family":"de Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology University of Caxias do Sul (UCS)  Caxias do Sul Rio Grande do Sul Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8628-7310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco A.","family":"Alvarenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP)  Botucatu S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7526-7760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo G. T. M.","family":"Segabinazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine  Basseterre St. Kitts West Indies"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3799-6641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Igor F.","family":"Canisso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Illinois Urbana\u2014Champaign  Champaign Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2005.05.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2014.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2007.05.050"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21041432"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","first-page":"175","article-title":"Therapeutics for infectious endometritis: a clinical perspective","volume":"41","author":"Ferris RA","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev Bras Reprod Anim"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11113035"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21836\/PEM20180103"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15547\/bjvm.870"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11303-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02861-15"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2016.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","volume-title":"Formulary and protocols in equine reproduction","author":"McCue PM","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.13545"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9471723"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-13-47"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-016-0195-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2019.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10050490"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/7329103"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2007.060302"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2022.103913"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01794-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02272-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-19-0478"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1967.tb34888.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(89)90317-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(92)90186-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1102149"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_30_1","volume-title":"Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically, approved standard","author":"NCCLS","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2021.103840"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0243246"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11061478"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.89B3.18491"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_35_1","first-page":"1315","article-title":"Perspectives on the ethics of antibiotic overuse and on the implementation of (new) antibiotics","volume":"11","author":"Hays JP","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infect Dis Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.01294"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0181860"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12060779"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2017.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.32.10.1600"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3330"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(00)01913-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12934-016-0569-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1975.tb25339.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-33234-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_46_1","first-page":"1775","article-title":"Histopathologic effects of dimethyl sulfoxide on equine endometrium","volume":"49","author":"Rosol T","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.106064"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-020-1043-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.26.11.1641"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20546\/ijcmas.2020.903.277"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2022.103900"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7203\/jo3t.5.6.2021.18959"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_53_1","first-page":"88","article-title":"Safety of uterine lavage with ozonated saline in mares","volume":"27","author":"Mazzuchini MP","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch Vet Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-9668.82319"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_55_1","article-title":"PRP as a new approach to prevent infection: preparation and in vitro antimicrobial properties of PRP","volume":"74","author":"Li H","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PRS.0000138251.07040.51"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.13955"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2006.08.034"}],"container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/evj.14423","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T11:42:31Z","timestamp":1762083751000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/evj.14423"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/evj.14423"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/evj.14423","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.14423\/v4\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.14423\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.14423\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.14423\/v1\/review3","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.14423\/v3\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.14423\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.14423\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.14423\/v2\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.14423\/v2\/review3","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.14423\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.14423\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.14423\/v3\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.14423\/v3\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.14423\/v4\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0425-1644","2042-3306"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0425-1644","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-3306","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-08-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-06","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-10-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}