{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:44:53Z","timestamp":1772160293865,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]],"date-time":"2024-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In anaesthetised horses, bradycardia secondary to high vagal tone can reduce cardiac output and blood pressure. The use of anticholinergics in horses is limited due to concerns about ileus and abdominal discomfort. This retrospective study sought to determine the prevalence of post\u2010operative abdominal discomfort in healthy horses that received atropine under isoflurane anaesthesia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective evaluation of 222 general anaesthesia events between January 2019 and December 2019 was undertaken.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      One hundred and eleven horses that received atropine were identified, and 111 case match controls that did not receive atropine were also selected. Information gathered from the medical records included signalment, anaesthetic drugs, surgical procedures, duration of anaesthesia and surgery, dobutamine and atropine administration, and the occurrence of abdominal discomfort for 24\u2009h after anaesthesia. After initial data analysis, a second cohort of records was assessed separately. The horses in this group were castrated under general anaesthesia (with or without atropine;\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200968). Logistic regression models and Fisher's exact tests were used to look for factors contributing to abdominal discomfort post\u2010anaesthesia. The significance level was set to 5% (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Atropine administration was not associated with the development of post\u2010anaesthetic abdominal discomfort (OR\u2009=\u20092.121, 95% CI [0.767, 5.869];\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.2). Overall, 18\/222 (8.1%) incidences of abdominal discomfort were identified. All incidents occurred in colts undergoing castration. In a separate analysis of only horses anaesthetised for castration, atropine was associated with developing abdominal discomfort (OR = 3.143, 95% CI [1.082, 9.132];\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.04).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Atropine was not associated with post\u2010operative abdominal discomfort except in colts undergoing castration. All episodes of discomfort were mild and resolved with minimal intervention. The potential impact of insufficient analgesia in horses undergoing castration is a confounding factor and requires prospective investigation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, atropine at a dose of 0.006\u2009mg\/kg IV appears to be a safe method to treat bradycardia in otherwise healthy horses anaesthetised for orthopaedic and upper airway procedures. Further work is required to determine if atropine is safe for colts undergoing castration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.14428","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]],"date-time":"2024-10-29T08:16:35Z","timestamp":1730189795000},"page":"924-930","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Retrospective evaluation of the impact of atropine administration on incidence of post\u2010operative colic in healthy, isoflurane\u2010anaesthetised horses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1757-7846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelley M.","family":"Varner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine  Raleigh North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9350-7211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra L.","family":"Curtiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hogan Equine LLC  Cream Ridge New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia M.","family":"Hogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hogan Equine LLC  Cream Ridge New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Love","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"K.R. Love Quantitative Consulting and Collaboration  Athens Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John R.","family":"Dodam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri  Columbia Missouri 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