{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:44:57Z","timestamp":1772160297335,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741305600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006920","name":"University of Pennsylvania","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["580\u20105805\u20101\u2010400666\u2010XXXX\u20102000\u20105333"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["580\u20105805\u20101\u2010400666\u2010XXXX\u20102000\u20105333"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006920","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Dobutamine is a first\u2010line therapy for hypotension in anaesthetised horses, but the effects on haemodynamic parameters in standing and anaesthetised horses are not well studied.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To investigate the effects of dobutamine in escalating dosages on haemodynamic performance in awake and anaesthetised horses.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study Design<\/jats:title>\n Randomised cross\u2010over experimental study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Six healthy adult horses were enrolled, including both standing and isoflurane\u2010anaesthetised experiments with 1\u2010week washout. Heart rate, mean arterial pressure (MAP), central venous pressure, pulmonary arterial pressure, and thermodilution cardiac output (CO) were measured at baseline and at dobutamine infusion rates of 0.5, 1, and 2 mcg\/kg\/min. Arterial and mixed\u2010venous blood was sampled, and oxygen delivery (DO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n ), oxygen extraction ratio (O\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n ER), and fShunt were calculated. After confirming normal distribution, variables were compared with baseline and between groups using two\u2010factorial ANOVA (alpha\u2009=\u20095%).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n MAP increased significantly during dobutamine infusion in both groups (Standing 92\u2009\u00b1\u20098 to 119\u2009\u00b1\u20098\u2009mmHg,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001; Anaesthetised 58\u2009\u00b1\u200912 to 91\u2009\u00b1\u200916\u2009mmHg,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001), and was significantly higher in awake versus anaesthetised horses at all time points (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001). CO increased significantly during dobutamine infusion (Standing 39\u2009\u00b1\u20095 to 68\u2009\u00b1\u20095\u2009L\/min,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001; Anaesthetised 21\u2009\u00b1\u20092 to 38\u2009\u00b1\u20093\u2009L\/min,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001), and was significantly higher in standing horses (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001). DO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001) increased significantly, and O\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n ER (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001) decreased significantly in both groups with dobutamine infusion. FShunt (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.02) decreased significantly during dobutamine infusion in anaesthetised horses.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main Limitations<\/jats:title>\n Small sample size; study performed in a lateral recumbency.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Dobutamine produces a dose\u2010dependent increase in CO and MAP and improves DO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n under standing and isoflurane\u2010anaesthetised conditions. Dobutamine dosages of 2 mcg\/kg\/min reach standing baseline MAP and CO.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.14488","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T04:51:55Z","timestamp":1741755115000},"page":"1677-1689","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Dobutamine improves haemodynamics and oxygen delivery in standing and isoflurane\u2010anaesthetised horses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Emma B.","family":"Gorenberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine Kennett Square Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JoAnn","family":"Slack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center University of Pennsylvania School of 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