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Heart rate variability (HRV) and a specific measure of the degree of heart rate fluctuation (Detrended Fluctuation Analysis alpha1; DFA\u2010\u03b11) are proposed as exercise intensity and fatigue markers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>(1) To describe exercising arrhythmias and DFA\u2010\u03b11 values during 2\u20134* level eventing cross\u2010country competitions in horses from two European countries; (2) to identify associations between exercising arrhythmias, DFA\u2010\u03b11 and competition results and (3) to evaluate whether markers of the intensity of exercise are associated with exercising arrhythmias, DFA\u2010\u03b11 or competition results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A convenience sample of exercising ECGs and competition results from horses during cross\u2010country eventing competitions was examined. Statistical analysis was conducted using multivariable mixed\u2010effects logistic, Poisson and linear regression models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Arrhythmias were frequent during 69 cross\u2010country competition ECGs from 43 horses. Detrended fluctuation analysis \u03b11 was not associated with performance during cross\u2010country, but a higher DFA\u2010\u03b11 during cross\u2010country was associated with fewer showjumping phase penalties. More premature complexes, the presence of complex arrhythmias and arrhythmias during recovery were associated with fewer time penalties during cross\u2010country. The presence of complex arrhythmias and arrhythmias during recovery of the cross\u2010country phase was associated with more penalties during the showjumping phase. Higher blood lactate concentration, higher HR<jats:sub>peak<\/jats:sub> and higher HR<jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub> were associated with fewer time penalties during cross\u2010country.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main Limitations<\/jats:title><jats:p>The arrhythmias observed do not allow conclusions to be drawn about the consequences of more severe arrhythmias. The associations described here were often of small magnitude or with large confidence intervals and must be interpreted cautiously.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Arrhythmias during the cross\u2010country test of eventing competitions were frequently associated with positive competition results during the cross\u2010country phase and negative results during the showjumping phase. The specific arrhythmia types and circumstances that should raise concern about performance and safety remain relevant but unanswered questions for equine practitioners.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.14491","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T12:45:24Z","timestamp":1740573924000},"page":"1446-1456","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Association of heart rate variability, exercise intensity and exercising arrhythmias with competition results in eventing horses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Cristobal","family":"Navas de Solis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Large Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania 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