{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T12:19:36Z","timestamp":1791289176784,"version":"4.3.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is increasingly recognised in equine medicine. Antimicrobial use (AMU) is a key driver of AMR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To pilot a point prevalence survey (PPS), based on the Global\u2010PPS used in human hospitals, to obtain data on antibiotic prescribing and AMR in equine hospitals and to identify targets for improvement in AMU.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Point prevalence survey.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eight equine hospitals located in Australia, Belgium, South Africa, the United Kingdom and the United States were recruited. Data on AMU were collected from all in\u2010patients on antibiotic treatment at 08h00 on four selected study days throughout the study year (2022).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In total, 742 patients, 310 (41.8%) surgical and 432 (58.2%) nonsurgical cases, were evaluated and 58.7% (182\/310) surgical and 25.9% (112\/432) nonsurgical patients were on antibiotics. The most prescribed antibiotics were penicillin, gentamicin and trimethoprim sulfonamides. In 45.2% (215\/476) of prescriptions, use was prophylactic. Therapeutic use was based on a biomarker in 48.8% (127\/260) of treatments. A sample was submitted for culture in 56.9% (148\/260) of therapeutic treatments. A positive culture result was reported from 49.3% (73\/148) of samples, with an antibiogram available for 90.4% (66\/73) of the positive cultures. An antibiotic use stop\/review date was not recorded in 59.5% (283\/476) of uses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This PPS was a pilot study with a relatively small sample size and likely does not reflect AMU in all types of equine hospitals in all geographic locations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The PPS identified multiple ways in which antibiotic prescribing could be improved. Targets identified for stewardship interventions included empiric use of European Medicines Agency Category A and B antibiotics, the high prevalence of prophylaxis and the lack of use of a stop\/review date. The survey could be used as a repeatable tool to assess stewardship interventions in equine hospitals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.14535","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T00:48:53Z","timestamp":1749084533000},"page":"580-590","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Use of a point prevalence survey to measure antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance in equine veterinary hospitals"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2624-800X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E. 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N.","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Momentum Metropolitan Life Ltd  Bellville Western Cape South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4993-5742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E.","family":"McConnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Animal Hospital at Murdoch University  Murdoch Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6977-6101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B. C.","family":"McGorum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies The University of Edinburgh, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1693-2147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D.","family":"Luethy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida  Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6565-9947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Sanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine  Pullman Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3551-6643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Versporten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine &amp; Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO) University of Antwerp, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science  Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9059-9517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Viljoen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Science University of Pretoria  Onderstepoort Gauteng South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3826-6499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C. 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