{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T22:08:33Z","timestamp":1776204513161,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Spinal articular dysfunction disrupts normal neural function and may lead to stiffness, pain or poor performance. Back pain is common in equine athletes, and it is a common complaint by horse owners requesting chiropractic evaluations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe the prevalence of spinal articular dysfunction in showjumping horses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective analysis of clinical records.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Records from 3\u2009years of examinations in horses, from beginners to high\u2010performance levels. Each horse had 30 spinal segments evaluated for the presence of dysfunctional articulations. Exams were performed by a certified International Veterinary Chiropractic Association veterinarian. Data recorded included age, sex, complaint and history of previous veterinary chiropractic examinations. Descriptive and statistical analysis was performed by age groups: G1 up to 6\u2009years old, G2 from 7 to 10\u2009years, G3 from 11 to 14\u2009years, and G4 from 15\u2009years and above. Significance was set as\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05; results were presented as mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Four hundred and ninety\u2010two jumping horses were included (4\u201319\u2009years old). On average, animals had 11.9 (\u00b13.5) dysfunctional spinal segments. The minimal number observed was 2 and the maximum was 23. No animals were free of spinal dysfunction, and 442 (89.8%) were found to have segmental dysfunction in all 3 spinal regions. The most affected vertebrae were L3, L2, L4, C1 and T7. Dysfunctional segments in the cervical region were diagnosed less frequently in G1 horses (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Objective pain measurements were unavailable. Lameness, when present, was not graded and was not directly correlated with spinal dysfunction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Jumping horses had a high prevalence of spinal articular dysfunction, mainly in the lumbar spine, thoracic sling area and atlanto\u2010occipital joint. The prevalence of dysfunction of the cervical spine increases with age. No equine athlete in this study was free of spinal articular dysfunction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.14541","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T01:38:38Z","timestamp":1748828318000},"page":"1357-1362","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Spinal articular dysfunction is common in athletic horses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Claudia R.","family":"Patricio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Faculty Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul  Porto Alegre Brazil"},{"name":"International Veterinary Chiropractic Association (IVCA) Committee Member  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8327-444X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo H. 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