{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T12:30:47Z","timestamp":1779366647616,"version":"3.53.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,20]],"date-time":"2025-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752969600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,20]],"date-time":"2025-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752969600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007699","name":"University of Georgia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007699","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Early and specific diagnosis of bronchopneumonia in foals is important to prevent severe disease. In human medicine, C\u2010reactive protein (\n CRP<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and interleukin\u20106 (\n IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20106) are important diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in neonatal pneumonia in other species. Evaluation of these markers in foals with naturally occurring respiratory diseases is lacking.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n \n To determine if\n CRP<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20106 were useful predictors of respiratory disease in foals from birth to weaning.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study Design<\/jats:title>\n Prospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Periodic blood samples from 200 initially healthy foals were collected from birth to weaning on a farm with endemic\n \n Rhodococcus equi<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n \n Streptococcus equi<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n pneumonia. The foals were examined weekly by physical examination and trans\u2010thoracic ultrasonography to determine the presence or absence of pulmonary consolidation and were divided into three groups after weaning: (1) foals that remained healthy; (2) foals that developed subclinical, mild, self\u2010limiting pulmonary lesions; and (3) foals that developed severe pulmonary lesions and clinical pneumonia that required antimicrobial treatment. Thirty foals from each health group (\n N<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200990 total foals) were randomly selected from the 200 initially enrolled for assessment of associations between\n CRP<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20106 concentrations and health status. Data were analysed using linear mixed models, with\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010values <\u20090.05 considered statistically significant.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Age\u2010related changes were found in both plasma\n CRP<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20106 concentrations. Circulating concentrations of\n CRP<\/jats:styled-content>\n were increased through weaning, while plasma\n IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20106 concentrations decreased through weaning. Respiratory disease did not significantly impact concentrations of\n CRP<\/jats:styled-content>\n or\n IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20106 at any age.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main Limitations<\/jats:title>\n Timing of sample collection, small sample size.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Neither\n IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20106 nor\n CRP<\/jats:styled-content>\n concentrations were suitable predictors of subclinical or clinical bronchopneumonia in foals in this study. Further studies are needed to determine if more frequent measurement of these markers in foals at the time of pneumonia diagnosis provides helpful diagnostic or prognostic information.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.70000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,20]],"date-time":"2025-07-20T13:29:31Z","timestamp":1753018171000},"page":"372-379","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Plasma C\u2010reactive protein and interleukin\u20106 concentrations in foals during health and respiratory disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Dorothea","family":"Hildebrandt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Hanover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1062-9406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica","family":"Venner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Clinic Destedt Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4331-6470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelsey A.","family":"Hart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Medicine University of Georgia Athens Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5567-7428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Londa","family":"Berghaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Medicine University of Georgia Athens Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1997.58.04.356"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3292.2002.tb00198.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2022.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2019.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2003.222.775"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21836\/PEM20140507"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21836\/PEM20210204"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21836\/PEM20180307"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1090-0233(03)00119-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00754"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2010.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8495889"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.53.1019"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12568"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","first-page":"568","article-title":"Changes in blood cytokine concentrations in horses aftrer long\u2010distance rides","volume":"70","author":"Cywinska AT","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med Weter"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2020.101525"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2019.102853"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.67.6.1045"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2007.tb02994.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000025977"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2006.08.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","unstructured":"L\u00e4mmerM.Detection ofRhodococcus equiin faeces and trancheobronchial secretions of foals on a farm with endemic rhodococcosis comparison of healthy foals and foals with pulmonary abscesses. 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