{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T20:59:24Z","timestamp":1773003564194,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754265600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754265600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Leptospirosis in horses is associated with various clinical signs, potentially leading to fatal outcomes. Additionally, the disease may pose a zoonotic risk to individuals involved in handling infected animals. Implementing a serological monitoring programme in the equine population is one of the key tools used to reduce the risk of transmission of\n                      <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                      infections to humans.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To provide new insights into the seroprevalence of leptospirosis in domestic horses in Poland.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serological monitoring program.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Data were collected from serological surveys of horse serum samples across 14 of the 16 provinces between 2019 and 2023. A total of 4474 horse serum samples were tested using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT), with 8\n                      <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                      serovars from 7 European serogroups. Statistical analyses and data visualisation were performed using Python\u2010based libraries. Prevalence was calculated as absolute and relative percentages. Pairwise prevalence comparisons employed chi\u2010squared tests with adjustments for multiple comparisons. Bayesian posterior probabilities were estimated to evaluate prevalence differences between groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The 5\u2010year study showed a relatively high exposure (25.1%) of horses to\n                      <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                      antigens in Poland. Dominant\n                      <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                      serogroups were: Sejroe (39.2%), Pomona (14.6%), Bratislava (11.2%), and Grippotyphosa (10.1%). Pomorskie recorded the highest percentage of positive samples (29.2%). Conversely, Lubuskie exhibited the lowest prevalence at 16.2%.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Details on the uses of horses were not available.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This analysis provides valuable data on the circulation of\n                      <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                      serogroups across different regions over time. The high seroprevalence of\n                      <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                      in the Polish horse population underscores the necessity of ongoing monitoring, which will aid in the protection of individual horses, herds, and humans from potential infections.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.70069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T05:03:47Z","timestamp":1754370227000},"page":"523-532","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Seroprevalence of equine leptospirosis in Poland (2019\u20132023)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2039-9384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacek","family":"\u017bmudzki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Swine Diseases National Veterinary Research Institute  Pulawy Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Ostrowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Swine Diseases National Veterinary Research Institute  Pulawy Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zbigniew","family":"Arent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture in Krakow  Krakow Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7169-3735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej","family":"Frant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Swine Diseases National Veterinary Research Institute  Pulawy Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maciej","family":"Kochanowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Swine Diseases National Veterinary Research Institute  Pulawy Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Nowak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Swine Diseases National Veterinary Research Institute  Pulawy Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sylwia","family":"Z\u0119bek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Swine Diseases National Veterinary Research Institute  Pulawy Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Damian","family":"Kalinowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Swine Diseases National Veterinary Research Institute  Pulawy Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Podg\u00f3rska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Swine Diseases National Veterinary Research Institute  Pulawy Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-45059-8_6"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003898"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","first-page":"197","article-title":"Analiza epidemiologiczna zachorowa\u0144 na leptospiroz\u0119 w Polsce w latach 1995\u20132002 I. 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