{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:59:59Z","timestamp":1787169599521,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768348800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768348800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016749","name":"UC Davis Center for Equine Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016749","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Current treatment options for equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS), such as omeprazole\u2014a proton pump inhibitor (PPI)\u2014have notable limitations, including the need for administration on an empty stomach. Potassium\u2010competitive acid blockers (P\u2010CABs), such as vonoprazan, are a newer class of acid suppressants that offer several advantages over PPIs in humans and may provide similar benefits in horses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe the pharmacokinetics and effect of a single oral dose of vonoprazan on intragastric pH in horses. We hypothesised that vonoprazan would follow linear kinetics across the doses studied and effectively increase intragastric pH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective, randomised four\u2010way balanced crossover study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Six horses received vonoprazan (0.5 and 1\u2009mg\/kg), omeprazole (4\u2009mg\/kg) and water (60\u2009mL). Blood samples were collected prior to and up to 72\u2009h post\u2010administration. Plasma vonoprazan concentrations were measured using liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry, and non\u2010compartmental and compartmental pharmacokinetic analyses were performed. Intragastric pH was continuously recorded 12\u2009h before and 24\u2009h after each treatment. The percentage of time pH remained above 4 was compared among treatments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      For 0.5 and 1\u2009mg\/kg vonoprazan, respectively,\n                      <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                      was 23.7\u2009\u00b1\u200914.0 and 55.8\u2009\u00b1\u200918.1\u2009ng\/mL (mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD);\n                      <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                      was 0.875 (0.25\u20133.0) and 0.625 (0.08\u20131.0) h (median and range); and terminal half\u2010life was 6.12\u2009\u00b1\u20091.65 and 6.29\u2009\u00b1\u20091.86\u2009h (mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD). At 1\u2009mg\/kg, vonoprazan significantly increased the percentage of time pH &gt;4 compared to pre\u2010treatment (91.85% vs. 85.5%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.007) and placebo (90.28\u2009\u00b1\u20095.6% vs. 5.68\u2009\u00b1\u200939%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.021).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Limitation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Small sample size which may impact clinical applicability of observed changes and potential variability in pH probe positioning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vonoprazan was well tolerated and effectively increased and maintained intragastric pH above 4 at the 1\u2009mg\/kg dose in horses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.70128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T11:10:23Z","timestamp":1768389023000},"page":"1363-1371","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Vonoprazan pharmacokinetics and effects on gastric\n                    <scp>pH<\/scp>\n                    following administration to fed and fasted horses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6227-8572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camilo J.","family":"Morales","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"K. L. Maddy Equine Analytical Chemistry Laboratory (Pharmacology Section), School of Veterinary Medicine University of California, Davis  Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0505-6228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin W.","family":"Sykes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BW Sykes Consultancy  Coffs Harbour New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel S.","family":"McKemie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"K. L. Maddy Equine Analytical Chemistry Laboratory (Pharmacology Section), School of Veterinary Medicine University of California, Davis  Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip H.","family":"Kass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine University of California, Davis  Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8676-4970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heather K.","family":"Knych","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"K. L. Maddy Equine Analytical Chemistry Laboratory (Pharmacology Section), School of Veterinary Medicine University of California, Davis  Davis California USA"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine University of California, Davis  Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.13578"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13071261"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.111.185314"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5056\/jnm18029"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000001735"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12630"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.12345"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpdd.1009"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1756283X17745776"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2746\/042516403775696339"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12688"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-015-0326-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12175"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-016-0345-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-019-0353-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13121"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-024-00939-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcph.2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15971"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1756283X17705329"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17235\/reed.2022.9228\/2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.17273"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b24-00011"}],"container-title":["Equine Veterinary Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/evj.70128","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/evj.70128","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/evj.70128","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T05:12:07Z","timestamp":1786079527000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/evj.70128"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/evj.70128"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/evj.70128","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.70128\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.70128\/v3\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.70128\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.70128\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.70128\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.70128\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.70128\/v1\/review3","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/EVJ.70128\/v3\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0425-1644","2042-3306"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0425-1644","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-3306","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-02","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}