{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T16:51:55Z","timestamp":1791046315977,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,22]],"date-time":"2012-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1353542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Experimental Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Conventional <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>8+ <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010lymphocytes are thought to be major effector cells in allergic contact dermatitis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACD<\/jats:styled-content>). However, previous work has demonstrated a significant population of invariant natural killer <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010cells (i<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NKT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010cells) in the elicitation phase of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACD<\/jats:styled-content>. In this study, we investigate whether i<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NKT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010cells have the capacity to serve as effector lymphocytes in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACD<\/jats:styled-content>. Using <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic> staining of skin biopsy specimens from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACD<\/jats:styled-content> lesions, we observed intra\u2010epidermal i<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NKT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010cells. Presence of these cells provides the possibility of interactions with keratinocytes (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KC<\/jats:styled-content>), Langerhans cells (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LC<\/jats:styled-content>) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>1d\u2010bearing antigen\u2010presenting cells (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">APC<\/jats:styled-content>). Investigation into gene expression profiles of cytotoxic effector molecules in seven different cases of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACD<\/jats:styled-content> found that the expression of perforin and granzymes <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> B<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">K<\/jats:styled-content> were significantly elevated in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACD<\/jats:styled-content> relative to paired clinically normal skin. Immunostaining of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACD<\/jats:styled-content> skin biopsy specimens revealed that these cytotoxic granules indeed localized to i<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NKT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010cells. Studies of antigen presentation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KC<\/jats:styled-content> to i<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NKT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010cells show that these epithelial cells do not activate the expression of cytotoxicity effector genes in resting i<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NKT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010cells, but had the capacity to serve as targets for activated i<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NKT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010cells, which was dependent on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>1d expression. Mature <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LC<\/jats:styled-content> were not able to present glycolipids to i<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NKT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010cells and did not up\u2010regulate <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>1d <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> to a variety of maturational stimuli or <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> during <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACD<\/jats:styled-content>. These data suggest that i<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NKT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010cells can serve as effector cells during human <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACD<\/jats:styled-content> and provide the rationale for developing inhibitory glycolipids as therapeutic agents for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.12036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,28]],"date-time":"2012-09-28T10:41:57Z","timestamp":1348828917000},"page":"915-920","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["<scp>CD<\/scp>1d\u2010dependent, i<scp>NKT<\/scp>\u2010cell cytotoxicity against keratinocytes in allergic contact dermatitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Balato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University of Naples Federico II School of Medicine Naples Italy"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology University of Maryland Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuming","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University of Maryland Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin","family":"Harberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University of Maryland Baltimore MD USA"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology University of Maryland Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Groleau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University of Maryland Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University of Maryland Baltimore MD 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