{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T11:55:06Z","timestamp":1783511706054,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,31]],"date-time":"2013-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1359590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Experimental Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Melanin performs a crucial role in protecting the skin against harmful ultraviolet light. However, hyperpigmentation may lead to aesthetic problems and disorders such as solar lentigines (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SL<\/jats:styled-content>), melasma, postinflammatory hyperpigmentation and even melanoma. <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>rthrophytum scoparium<\/jats:italic> grows in the desert in the North African region, and given this type of environment, <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0scoparium<\/jats:italic> exhibits adaptations for storing water and produces useful bioactive factors. In this study, the effect of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0scoparium<\/jats:italic> ethanol extract (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASEE<\/jats:styled-content>) on melanogenesis regulation in B16 murine melanoma cells was investigated. Cells treated with 0.017% (w\/v) <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASEE<\/jats:styled-content> showed a significant inhibition of melanin biosynthesis in a time\u2010dependent manner without cytotoxicity. To clarify the mechanism behind the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASEE<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010treated melanogenesis regulation, the expressions of tyrosinase enzyme and melanogenesis\u2010related genes were determined. Results showed that the expression of tyrosinase enzyme was significantly decreased and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Tyr<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> <jats:italic>Trp\u20101<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> <jats:italic>Mitf<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Mc1R<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> m<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> expressions were significantly down\u2010regulated. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ESI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TOF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content> analysis of the extract identified the presence of six phenolic compounds: coumaric acid, cinnamic acid, chrysoeriol, cyanidin, catechol and caffeoylquinic acid. The melanogenesis inhibitory effect of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASEE<\/jats:styled-content> may therefore be attributed to its catechol and tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative content. We report here that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASEE<\/jats:styled-content> can inhibit melanogenesis in a time\u2010dependent manner by decreasing the tyrosinase protein and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Tyr<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> <jats:italic>Trp\u20101<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> <jats:italic>Mitf<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Mc1R<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> m<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> expressions. This is the first report on the antimelanogenesis effect of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0scoparium<\/jats:italic> and on its potential as a whitening agent.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.12089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,17]],"date-time":"2013-01-17T16:24:02Z","timestamp":1358439842000},"page":"131-136","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["<i><scp>A<\/scp>rthrophytum scoparium<\/i> inhibits melanogenesis through the down\u2010regulation of tyrosinase and melanogenic gene expressions in <scp>B<\/scp>16 melanoma cells"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Hui\u2010Chia","family":"Chao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanen","family":"Najjaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Arid Region Medenine Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myra O.","family":"Villareal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alliance for Research on North Africa (ARENA) University of Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riadh","family":"Ksouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire des Plantes Extr\u00eamophiles Centre de Biotechnologie \u00e0 la Technopole de Borj\u2010C\u00e9dria(CBBC) Hammam\u2010lif Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junkyu","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan"},{"name":"Alliance for Research on North Africa (ARENA) University of Tsukuba Ibaraki 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