{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T20:53:33Z","timestamp":1768683213782,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,12]],"date-time":"2013-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1363046400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Experimental Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A<\/jats:styled-content>1 (ALDH<\/jats:styled-content>1A<\/jats:styled-content>1), an enzyme that catalyses the conversion of lipid aldehydes to lipid carboxylic acids, plays pleiotropic roles in UV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010radiation resistance, melanogenesis and stem cell maintenance. In this study, a combination of RNA<\/jats:styled-content>i and pharmacologic approaches were used to determine which ALDH<\/jats:styled-content>1A<\/jats:styled-content>1 substrates and products regulate melanogenesis. Initial studies revealed that neither the UV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced lipid aldehyde 4\u2010hydroxy\u20102\u2010nonenal nor the ALDH<\/jats:styled-content>1A<\/jats:styled-content>1 product all\u2010trans<\/jats:italic> retinoic acid appreciably induced melanogenesis. In contrast, both the ALDH<\/jats:styled-content>1A<\/jats:styled-content>1 substrate 9\u2010cis<\/jats:italic> retinal and its corresponding product 9\u2010cis<\/jats:italic> retinoic acid potently induced the accumulation of MITF<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> mRNA<\/jats:styled-content>, T<\/jats:styled-content>yrosinase<\/jats:italic> mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> and melanin. ALDH<\/jats:styled-content>1A<\/jats:styled-content>1 depletion inhibited the ability of 9\u2010cis<\/jats:italic> retinal but not 9\u2010cis<\/jats:italic> retinoic acid to stimulate melanogenesis, indicating that ALDH<\/jats:styled-content>1A<\/jats:styled-content>1 regulates melanogenesis by catalysing the conversion of 9\u2010cis<\/jats:italic> retinal to 9\u2010cis<\/jats:italic> retinoic acid. The addition of potent ALDH<\/jats:styled-content>1A<\/jats:styled-content> inhibitors (cyanamide or A<\/jats:styled-content>ngeli's salt) suppressed T<\/jats:styled-content>yrosinase<\/jats:italic> and MITF<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> accumulation in vitro<\/jats:italic> and also melanin accumulation in skin equivalents, suggesting that 9\u2010cis<\/jats:italic> retinoids regulate melanogenesis in the intact epidermis. Taken together, these studies not only identify cyanamide as a potential novel treatment for hyperpigmentary disorders, but also identify 9\u2010cis<\/jats:italic> retinoic acid as a pigment stimulatory agent that may have clinical utility in the treatment of hypopigmentary disorders, such as vitiligo.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.12099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,25]],"date-time":"2013-01-25T18:37:54Z","timestamp":1359139074000},"page":"202-209","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["9\u2010cis<\/i> retinoic acid is the ALDH<\/scp>1A<\/scp>1 product that stimulates melanogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Elyse K","family":"Paterson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry University of California Irvine CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hsiang","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University of California Irvine CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rubina","family":"Kapadia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University of California Irvine CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anand K","family":"Ganesan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry University of California Irvine CA USA"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology University of California Irvine CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.06-6649rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2007.00675.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0749.2003.00067.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.12.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ddmec.2008.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2011.01311.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-1811(03)00039-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2010.01139.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2008.07.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1000298"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-148X.2011.00898.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2012.01508.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.111.005538"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-1327.2000.01497.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3050681","volume":"2","author":"Labrecque J","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M702076200"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2007.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15569520500278906"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-2797(00)00211-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2011.09.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.108.050633"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.6.3.329"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.10.9.8801161"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M303709200"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.23.13.4637-4648.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7773","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)43255-9","volume":"248","author":"Futterman S","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.75.103004.142743"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0749.2000.130203.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1473-2165.2012.00610.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1473-2165.2007.00301.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.3682"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2000.00035.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiosc.2012.05.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","first-page":"27","volume":"25","author":"Shih T W","year":"1997","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.17.2.644"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","first-page":"1474","volume":"45","author":"Hosoi J","year":"1985","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12874568"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.107.4.1095","volume":"4","author":"Rom\u00e9ro C","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.80279"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tice.2003.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00008390-199205000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","first-page":"3345","volume":"40","author":"Lotan R","year":"1980","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.1999.00510.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.368706"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(92)90479-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.1.30"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bi.63.070194.002315"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7600209"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12499896"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)32039-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.13.24.3209"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80218-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(02)00641-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R000025200"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-12-495"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btn605"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M409302200"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/382819a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00044.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(95)00195-J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.21.5.457"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200535366"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35036595"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.128.5.675","volume":"128","author":"Li M","year":"2001","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_67_1","first-page":"69","volume":"146","author":"Boissy R E","year":"2011","journal-title":"G Ital Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1995.1100"}],"container-title":["Experimental Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fexd.12099","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/exd.12099","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,22]],"date-time":"2023-11-22T12:41:56Z","timestamp":1700656916000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/exd.12099"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/exd.12099"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/exd.12099","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0906-6705","1600-0625"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0906-6705","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0625","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]}}}