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These autoantibodies usually react against 180\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">kD<\/jats:styled-content>a and\/or 230\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">kD<\/jats:styled-content>a proteins, designated as <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>180 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>230, respectively. The precise blistering mechanisms after autoantibodies bind to antigens are not fully understood. Immune complexes are thought to initially activate the complement cascade, which may induce activation of proteases and\/or cytokines and cause dermal\u2013epidermal separation. However, why does separation run specifically within the lamina lucida in a space as narrow as 500\u00a0nm wide? This review mainly focuses on the possible mechanisms of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010specific blistering and how separation occurs along the lamina lucida, based on existing evidence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.12146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,8]],"date-time":"2013-04-08T10:21:51Z","timestamp":1365416511000},"page":"381-385","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Bullous pemphigoid: role of complement and mechanisms for blister formation within the lamina lucida"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Iwata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University of L\u00fcbeck L\u00fcbeck Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuo","family":"Kitajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Kizawa Memorial Hospital Minokamo 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