{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:09:59Z","timestamp":1790726999342,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,27]],"date-time":"2013-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1372291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Experimental Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>It is widely recognized that tobacco smoke causes skin pigmentation. No studies, however, have directly evaluated the mechanisms of the changes in smoker's skin pigmentation. In this study, when cultured with water\u2010soluble tobacco smoke extract, the human epidermal melanocytes grew to a large size and produced more melanins. We evaluated melanocyte activation by quantifying microphthalmia\u2010associated transcription factor (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MITF<\/jats:styled-content>) expression by real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MITF<\/jats:styled-content> expression was significantly and dose\u2010dependently increased by exposure to tobacco smoke extract. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">W<\/jats:styled-content>nt\/\u03b2\u2010catenin signalling pathway seemed to mediate the tobacco smoke extract\u2013induced melanocyte activation. Immunocytochemical studies revealed that the activated melanocytes actively expressed aryl hydrocarbon receptors (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>hR) around the nuclear membrane. The tobacco smoke extract\u2013induced <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MITF<\/jats:styled-content> activation was inhibited by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> silencing of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>hR. This study provides the evidence that tobacco smoke enhances pigmentation <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and that the increase in pigmentation may involve \u03b2\u2010catenin\u2010 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>hR\u2010mediated mechanisms inside human melanocytes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.12170","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,8]],"date-time":"2013-05-08T07:11:29Z","timestamp":1367997089000},"page":"556-558","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Tobacco smoke\u2013induced skin pigmentation is mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Motoki","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences Nagoya 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