{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:49:53Z","timestamp":1787014193036,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"s1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,19]],"date-time":"2014-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1411084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Experimental Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n The young facial skin of children with a smooth healthy appearance changes over time to photoaged skin having mottled pigmentation, solar lentigines, wrinkles, dry and rough skin, leathery texture, and benign and malignant tumors after exposure to chronic, repeated solar radiation. The first sign of photoaging in Japanese subjects is usually solar lentigines appearing around 20\u00a0years of age on the face. Fine wrinkles can then appear after 30\u00a0years of age, and benign skin tumors, seborrhoeic keratoses, can occur after 35\u00a0years of age in sun\u2010exposed skin. We theoretically calculated the maximal daily exposure time to solar radiation, which could prevent the development of photoaged skin until 60 and 80\u00a0years of age, based on published data of personal solar\n UVB<\/jats:styled-content>\n doses in sun\u2010exposed skin. One\n MED<\/jats:styled-content>\n (minimal erythema dose) was determined to be 20\u00a0mJ\/cm\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n , and 200\n MED<\/jats:styled-content>\n was used as the average yearly dose of Japanese children. Further, we hypothesized that the annual dose of Japanese adults is the same as that of the children. The cumulative\n UVB<\/jats:styled-content>\n dose at 20\u00a0years of age was thus calculated to be 4000\n MED<\/jats:styled-content>\n , and 22\n MED<\/jats:styled-content>\n was used as the maximal daily\n UVB<\/jats:styled-content>\n dose based on data measured in Kobe, located in the central area of Japan. We used the solar\n UVB<\/jats:styled-content>\n dose from 10:00 a.m. to 14:00 p.m. which occupies 60% of the total daily\n UV<\/jats:styled-content>\n dose, to obtain the maximal\n UVB<\/jats:styled-content>\n per hour in a day, and calculated the maximal daily\n UV<\/jats:styled-content>\n exposure time that would delay the onset of solar lentigines until 60 or 80\u00a0years of age. The mean daily sun exposure time to maintain healthy skin until 80 years of age in the summer was calculated to be 2.54\u00a0min (0.14\n MED<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) for unprotected skin and 127\u00a0min with the use of a sunscreen of\n SPF<\/jats:styled-content>\n (sun protection factor) of 50. In this study, we did not evaluate the photoaging effect of\n UVA<\/jats:styled-content>\n radiation, but findings of the adverse effects of\n UVA<\/jats:styled-content>\n radiation on the skin have accumulated in the last decade. Therefore, it will be important to estimate the maximal dose of solar\n UV<\/jats:styled-content>\n radiation to retard the onset of photoaging based on an evaluation of both solar\n UVB<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n UVA<\/jats:styled-content>\n in the future. Finally, we expect that this study may contribute to keeping Japanese and other types of skin young and healthy by limiting the exposure of the skin to solar radiation outdoors during the day.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.12393","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,19]],"date-time":"2014-09-19T02:43:00Z","timestamp":1411094580000},"page":"43-46","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["The maximal cumulative solar\n UVB<\/scp>\n dose allowed to maintain healthy and young skin and prevent premature photoaging"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Masamitsu","family":"Ichihashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sun Care Institute Osaka Japan"},{"name":"Saiseimirai Clinic Kobe Kobe Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideya","family":"Ando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology Okayama University of Science Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2005.06996.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.9.6sup_136"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0781.1996.tb00239.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(08)80964-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199711133372003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(03)00150-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700606"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(02)00252-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-1811(01)00118-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.2005.tb00205.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","first-page":"327","volume":"3","author":"Kawada A","year":"1986","journal-title":"Photodermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2004.23466.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","unstructured":"Annual Report of Ozone Layer Monitoring.2008. 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