{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T21:34:46Z","timestamp":1788471286812,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,27]],"date-time":"2014-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1411776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Experimental Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Not only macrophages, T\u2010helper (Th)1 and Th2,<\/jats:italic> but also CD<\/jats:styled-content>4+<\/jats:sup> CD<\/jats:styled-content>25high<\/jats:sup>FoxP3+<\/jats:sup> regulatory T cells (T\u2010regs) are involved in immune response to Mycobacterium leprae<\/jats:italic>. We aimed to evaluate serum interleukin (IL<\/jats:styled-content>)\u20101\u03b2<\/jats:italic> and IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201012p70 (macrophage cytokines), interferon\u2010\u03b3<\/jats:italic> (IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b3<\/jats:italic>) (Th1 cytokine), IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20104 (Th2 cytokine) and circulating CD<\/jats:styled-content>4+<\/jats:sup> CD<\/jats:styled-content>25high<\/jats:sup>FoxP3+<\/jats:sup> T\u2010regs, in untreated leprosy patients. Forty three patients and 40 controls were assessed for the mentioned cytokines using ELISA<\/jats:styled-content>. Patients were assessed for circulating T\u2010regs using flow cytometry. Patients were subgrouped into tuberculoid (TT<\/jats:styled-content>), pure neural leprosy (PNL<\/jats:styled-content>), borderline cases, lepromatous (LL<\/jats:styled-content>), type 1 reactional leprosy (RL<\/jats:styled-content>1) and erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL<\/jats:styled-content>). Serum IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201012p70, IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b3<\/jats:italic> and IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20104 were significantly higher in patients versus controls (P\u00a0<\/jats:italic><\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.05). Serum IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20104 was highest in LL<\/jats:styled-content> and lowest in RL<\/jats:styled-content>1 (P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.003). Serum IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\u03b2<\/jats:italic> levels was significantly higher in multibacillary versus paucibacillary patients (P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.006). Significantly higher T\u2010regs levels was detected in TT<\/jats:styled-content>, RL<\/jats:styled-content>1 and PNL<\/jats:styled-content>, while the lowest levels in ENL<\/jats:styled-content>(P\u00a0<\/jats:italic><\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.001), with significant differences versus controls (P\u00a0<\/jats:italic><\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.05). FoxP3 expression% was significantly lower in PNL<\/jats:styled-content> than other patients and controls (P\u00a0<\/jats:italic><\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.05). T\u2010regs\/T\u2010effs was lowest in ENL<\/jats:styled-content>(P\u00a0<\/jats:italic><\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.05). IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b3<\/jats:italic> correlated positively with T\u2010regs but negatively with IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\u03b2<\/jats:italic> (P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.041&0.046 respectively), which correlated positively with T\u2010effs%( P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.05). IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20104 correlated positively with T\u2010regs FoxP3 expression% (P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.009). We concluded that: Circulating T\u2010regs were increased in TT<\/jats:styled-content>, RL<\/jats:styled-content>1 and PNL<\/jats:styled-content> patients, known of relatively high cell\u2010mediated immunity. This finding was supported by low FoxP3 expression (in PNL<\/jats:styled-content>) and correlation between T\u2010regs count and IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b3<\/jats:italic> level. Overproduction of IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20104 in LL<\/jats:styled-content> may infer liability to develop ENL<\/jats:styled-content>, with disease progression and immune hyperactivation, marked by deficient T\u2010regs and increased T\u2010regs FoxP3 expression%. IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\u03b2<\/jats:italic> probably has a pro\u2010inflammatory role in multibacillary patients as correlated with T\u2010effs%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.12529","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,30]],"date-time":"2015-01-30T01:33:04Z","timestamp":1422581584000},"page":"742-747","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Serum Th1\/Th2 and macrophage lineage cytokines in leprosy; correlation with circulating CD<\/scp>4+<\/sup>CD<\/scp>25high<\/sup>FoxP3+<\/sup> T\u2010regs cells"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Marwa","family":"Abdallah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enas A. S.","family":"Attia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abeer A.","family":"Saad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ekramy A.","family":"El\u2010Khateeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rania A.","family":"Lotfi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Abdallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dina","family":"El\u2010Shennawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"1079","volume":"15","author":"Lockwood D","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Evid"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00816-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.5.3413-3417.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.3.1427-1433.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"80","volume":"46","author":"Naafs B","year":"1994","journal-title":"Trop Geogr Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.149.4.1470"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","first-page":"277","volume":"63","author":"Mafoyane N A","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lepr Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.97105s51261"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2004.06.063"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.10.4143"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3183","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V95.10.3183","volume":"95","author":"Wang K S","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3083.1999.00622.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2002.01791.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1389200024605082"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2010.04535.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1097\/00029330-200802010-00004","volume":"121","author":"Qian Z","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chin Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.162.2.501"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.1998.00382.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2006.01692.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-013-1411-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","first-page":"333","volume":"65","author":"Dhar S","year":"1993","journal-title":"Indian J Lepr"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-7-S1-P190"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5171","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.64.12.5171-5177.1996","volume":"64","author":"Triccas J A","year":"1996","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.2003.18.3.138"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sder.2007.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5501","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.150.12.5501","volume":"150","author":"Sieling P A","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","first-page":"235","volume":"71","author":"Volc\u2010Platzer B","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","first-page":"749","volume":"137","author":"Arnoldi J","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.1998.00381.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","unstructured":"El SaadanyS El KallaF ElwanNet\u00a0al.Role of mast cells and cytokine profile [TNF\u2010a IFN\u2010? 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