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Micro<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content>s (mi<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content>s) are short non\u2010coding <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content>s that negatively regulate gene expression and have been implicated in various inflammatory skin diseases, but their role in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DTH<\/jats:styled-content> reactions is not well understood. We generated global mi<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> expression profiles (using next\u2010generation sequencing) of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DPCP<\/jats:styled-content> reactions in skin of seven healthy volunteers at 3, 14 and 120\u00a0days after challenge. Compared to placebo\u2010treated sites, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DPCP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010challenged skin at 3\u00a0days (peak inflammation) had 127 mi<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content>s significantly deregulated. At 14\u00a0days (during resolution of inflammation), 43 mi<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content>s were deregulated and, at 120\u00a0days (when inflammation had completely resolved), six mi<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content>s were upregulated. While some mi<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content>s have been observed in psoriasis or atopic dermatitis, most of the deregulated mi<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content>s have not yet been studied in the context of skin biology or immunology. Across the three time points studied, many but not all mi<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content>s were uniquely expressed. As various mi<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content>s may influence T cell activation, this may indicate that the mi<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content>s exclusively expressed at different time points function to promote or resolve skin inflammation, and therefore, may inform on the paradoxical ability of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DPCP<\/jats:styled-content> to treat both autoimmune conditions (alopecia areata) and conditions of ineffective immunity (melanoma).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.12813","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,21]],"date-time":"2015-07-21T09:11:30Z","timestamp":1437469890000},"page":"953-957","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Unique micro<scp>RNA<\/scp>s appear at different times during the course of a delayed\u2010type hypersensitivity reaction in human skin"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Gulati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology The Rockefeller University New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marianne B.","family":"L\u00f8vendorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEO Pharma A\/S Ballerup Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Dermato\u2010Allergology Gentofte Hospital University of Copenhagen Hellerup Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John R.","family":"Zibert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEO Pharma A\/S Ballerup Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kemal M.","family":"Akat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HHMI Laboratory of RNA Molecular Biology Howard Hughes Medical Institute The Rockefeller University New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Renwick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HHMI Laboratory of RNA Molecular Biology Howard Hughes Medical Institute The Rockefeller University New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Tuschl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HHMI Laboratory of RNA Molecular Biology Howard Hughes Medical Institute The Rockefeller University New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James G.","family":"Krueger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology The Rockefeller University New York NY 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