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We hypothesized that this feeding process may also be exploited by pathogens to facilitate their transmission, especially in the context of arthropod\u2010borne diseases. To test this, we used Lyme borreliosis as a model. This bacterial infection is caused by <jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> sensu lato transmitted by <jats:italic>Ixodes<\/jats:italic>. We co\u2010incubated <jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic> with human keratinocytes in the presence of poly (I: C), a ds<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA TLR<\/jats:styled-content>3 agonist generated by skin injury. This induced a strong cytokine response from human primary keratinocytes that was much greater than that induced by <jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic> alone. OspC, a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR<\/jats:styled-content>2\/1 agonist and a major surface lipoprotein of <jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic> also amplified the process. Interestingly, tick saliva inhibited cytokine responses by keratinocytes to these <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR<\/jats:styled-content> agonists. We propose that <jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic> uses the immunoprivileged site produced by tick saliva to facilitate its transmission.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.12853","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,26]],"date-time":"2015-08-26T13:31:07Z","timestamp":1440595867000},"page":"26-31","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["<i>Ixodes<\/i> tick saliva suppresses the keratinocyte cytokine response to <scp>TLR<\/scp>2\/<scp>TLR<\/scp>3 ligands during early exposure to Lyme borreliosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Quentin","family":"Bernard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"EA7290 Virulence bact\u00e9rienne pr\u00e9coce: groupe borr\u00e9liose de Lyme F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de m\u00e9decine Translationnelle et Facult\u00e9 de Pharmacie de Strasbourg Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg Strasbourg France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard 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