{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T10:54:18Z","timestamp":1780570458649,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,23]],"date-time":"2015-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1448236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Experimental Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Numerous medications are used to treat hyperpigmentation. However, several reports have indicated that repeated application of some agents, such as rhododendrol (RD), raspberry ketone (RK) and monobenzone (MB), can be toxic to melanocytes. Although these agents had severe side effects in human trials, no current <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> methods can predict the safety of such drugs. This study assessed the <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> effects of five depigmentary compounds including leukoderma\u2010inducing agents. In particular, we determined the effects of different concentrations and exposure times of different depigmentary agents on cell viability and melanogenesis in the presence and absence of ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation. Concentrations of RD, RK and MB that inhibit melanogenesis are similar to concentrations that are cytotoxic; however, concentrations of rucinol (RC) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AP<\/jats:styled-content>736 that inhibit melanogenesis are much lower than concentrations that are cytotoxic. Furthermore, the concentrations that cause toxic effects depend on exposure duration, and prolonged exposure to RD, RK and MB had more cytotoxic effects than prolonged exposure to RC and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AP<\/jats:styled-content>736. The cytotoxic effects of RD and RK appear to be mediated by apoptosis due to increased expression of caspase\u20103 and caspase\u20108; UVB radiation increased the cytotoxicity of these agents and also increased caspase activity. Our results indicate that different leukoderma\u2010inducing compounds have different effects on the viability of normal epidermal melanocytes and suggest that the <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> assay used here can be used to predict whether an investigational compound that induces leukoderma may lead to adverse effects in human trials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.12871","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,6]],"date-time":"2015-10-06T16:02:36Z","timestamp":1444147356000},"page":"44-49","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Different effects of five depigmentary compounds, rhododendrol, raspberry ketone, monobenzone, rucinol and <scp>AP<\/scp>736 on melanogenesis and viability of human epidermal melanocytes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Chang Seok","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Amorepacific Co. R&amp;D center Yongin Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yung Hyup","family":"Joo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amorepacific Co. R&amp;D center Yongin Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heung Soo","family":"Baek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amorepacific Co. R&amp;D center Yongin Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miyoung","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amorepacific Co. R&amp;D center Yongin Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeong\u2010Hwan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amorepacific Co. R&amp;D center Yongin Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong\u2010Ju","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amorepacific Co. 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