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Regardless of the initiating steps, most experts agree that an immune\u2010based melanocyte destruction is responsible for the final steps leading to epidermal depigmentation. It is remarkable that currently the only therapeutic approach to counter this phenomenon consists of non\u2010specific local and systemic immunosuppressants. Immunotherapy for melanoma reveals that targeting factors involved in peripheral tolerance are sufficient to break the natural defense mechanisms to develop skin depigmentations. Therapeutically enhancing these immune checkpoints seems therefore a promising long\u2010term therapy for vitiligo. In this viewpoint, we propose this strategy as a promising therapeutic option for vitiligo. Several approaches are proposed with a focus on cytotoxic T\u2010lymphocyte\u2010associated protein 4, programmed death ligand\u20101 and indoleamine 2,3\u2010dioxygenase.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,19]],"date-time":"2016-05-19T18:58:17Z","timestamp":1463684297000},"page":"630-634","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Targeting <scp>CTLA<\/scp>\u20104, <scp>PD<\/scp>\u2010L1 and <scp>IDO<\/scp> to modulate immune responses in vitiligo"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Reinhart","family":"Speeckaert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Ghent University Hospital  Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nanja","family":"van Geel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Ghent University Hospital  Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.12372"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2011.463"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa1292"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2014.57.4756"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-15-0244"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1212631"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2008.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminoncol.2015.02.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201242590"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2014.02.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1200690"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3003689"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1305133"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2015.2707"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-015-0094-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2014.06.072"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000000661"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2011.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-03-3227"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-148X.2011.00838.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-148X.2011.00922.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2009.32"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.12103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.12183"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2012.11111.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.11-201897"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08916930701619730"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2008.08818.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.12264"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0022-202x.2001.01583.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-148X.2010.00703.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2015.05.051"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13511"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.6.3672"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.12160"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1684\/ejd.2014.2436","volume":"24","author":"Lin M","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","unstructured":"ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet].Bethesda (MD):National Library of Medicine (US). 2016 Jan 6\u2010 Identifier NCT02281058 Open\u2010label Pilot Study of Abatacept for the Treatment of Vitiligo; Available from:https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT02281058?term=abatacept+vitiligorank=1. 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