{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T23:54:55Z","timestamp":1790553295229,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,9]],"date-time":"2016-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475971200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001602","name":"Science Foundation Ireland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001602","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100003186","name":"National Rosacea Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100003186","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Experimental Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Rosacea is a chronic relapsing inflammatory skin disease with high prevalence worldwide. Recent research suggests that dysregulation of innate and adaptive immune pathways as well as neurovascular changes is present, with different degrees of importance in the various subtypes. Neither the aetiology, genetics nor pathophysiological basis of the vascular, inflammatory or fibrotic changes is well understood. The clinical spectrum comprises a huge variability from erythema (vasodilation) to papules\/pustules (inflammatory infiltrate) to phymata (fibrosis, glandular hyperplasia) making it a valuable human disease model to understand the interplay between the neurovascular and immune systems as well as the progression from chronic inflammation to fibrosis in skin. The lack of appropriate animal models emphasizes the importance of further translational research validating observed molecular pathways under disease conditions. A wide spectrum of physical (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , temperature), biological (microbiota, food) and endogenous (genetic, stress) stimuli has been discussed as \u201ctrigger factors\u201d of rosacea. Novel findings implicate keratinocytes, smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, macrophages, mast cells, fibroblasts,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    h1\/\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    h17 cells, antibody\u2010producing\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    cells and neurons in the pathobiology of rosacea. So far, pattern recognition receptors like\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    2, transient receptor potential ion channels, cytokines, chemokines and proteases have been implicated as critical receptors\/mediators. However, our understanding of the interactive networks on the molecular level is very limited. Identification of critical molecular components of the inflammatory cascade including antimicrobial peptides, the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u20101\u03b2 inflammasome,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u2010\u03b3, proteases and neuropeptides may provide the basis for novel pathomechanism\u2010based therapeutic approaches for this frequent and bothersome skin disease.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,4]],"date-time":"2016-07-04T09:27:02Z","timestamp":1467624422000},"page":"659-667","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":171,"title":["Integrative concepts of rosacea pathophysiology, clinical presentation and new therapeutics"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Anna D.","family":"Holmes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Galderma Laboratories, L.P.  Fort Worth TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Steinhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology UCD Charles Institute for Translational Dermatology University College Dublin  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.04.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2002.120625"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2010.351"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2011.424"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jidsymp.2011.9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.12030"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jidsymp.2011.6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2015.141"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","first-page":"43","volume":"84","author":"Odom R","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yadr.2008.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.20.083001.084359"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.3.1535"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","first-page":"w13590","volume":"142","author":"Contassot E","year":"2012","journal-title":"Swiss Med Wkly"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.2010.02217.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1616"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2014.4728"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2012.14"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2014.222"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2006.101121"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2008.03340.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2725"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","first-page":"3","volume":"19","author":"Weber A","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sci Signal"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1209-1363"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0900173"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0171-2985(11)80543-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-0509-6-S2-S12"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1992.263.4.C767"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.9.4620"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2014.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.11.7684"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","first-page":"817","volume":"29","author":"Kohchi C","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","first-page":"26","volume":"2","author":"Jones DA","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Aesthet Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1418"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2007.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2010.03825.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-011-1177-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jidsymp.2011.8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2010.090941"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-11-04045.1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-8069-1-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5741-07.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2013.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jidsymp.2011.7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e31821a0258"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1087-0024.2000.00013.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2014.01.892"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000249558"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-1775"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2013.03.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201141958"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxs075"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-3083.2001.00331.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2011.04310.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2004.00964.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","first-page":"899","volume":"35","author":"El\u2010Bassiouni SO","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Egypt Soc Parasitol"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000082565"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2001.03794.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0738-081X(01)00244-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000338693"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1989.tb01440.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2007.03336.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.071049"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1957"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.07.050"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016594"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.04.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2015.2230"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2015.53"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2009.01339.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.2006.00695.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DAD.0000000000000454"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jidsymp.2011.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-007-0816-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_77_1","first-page":"234","volume":"92","author":"Rosso JQ","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.13166"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_79_1","unstructured":"Oracea (R) [package insert].Galderma Laboratories L.P. Fort Worth TX;2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.11.3630-3633.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2016.01.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2007.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08959374980120010501"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1994.01690060078008","volume":"130","author":"Webster GF","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1995.tb03864.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/13.7.921"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_88_1","first-page":"316","volume":"13","author":"Stein L","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2004.02253.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-011-0307-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-008-8007-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2008.12.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_93_1","unstructured":"Finacea (R) [package insert].Intendis Inc Pine Brook NJ; July2010."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.05.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2010.01107.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00372056"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_97_1","unstructured":"MetroGel 1% (R) [package insert].Galderma Laboratories L.P. Fort Worth TX; June2005."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1211\/jpp.59.8.0010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_99_1","unstructured":"Mirvaso (R) [package insert].Galderma Laboratories L.P. Fort Worth TX; August2013."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2014.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6262"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1400255"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200107200-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_104_1","first-page":"838","volume":"11","author":"Bhatia ND","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"}],"container-title":["Experimental Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fexd.13143","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fexd.13143","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/exd.13143","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,23]],"date-time":"2023-09-23T10:30:00Z","timestamp":1695465000000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/exd.13143"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,9]]},"references-count":103,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/exd.13143"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/exd.13143","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.726483228.793524471","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0906-6705","1600-0625"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0906-6705","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0625","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,9]]}}}