{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T04:32:01Z","timestamp":1789792321737,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,11]],"date-time":"2017-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003663","name":"Small and Medium Business Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2341055"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2341055"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003624","name":"Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["114084\u20103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["114084\u20103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003624","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Experimental Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vitiligo is an acquired condition characterized by depigmented, cutaneous lesions that result from the death of pigment\u2010producing cells, melanocytes. The occurrence of oxidative stress has been proposed as a pathogenetic mechanism for melanocyte degeneration in vitiligo. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the cytoprotective effects of afzelin against oxidative stress and its mechanism of action in human epidermal melanocytes. We found that afzelin significantly inhibited hydrogen peroxide\u2010induced cell death, cellular reactive oxygen species production and lipid peroxidation in melanocytes. In an antioxidant response element (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ARE<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010luciferase reporter assay, afzelin increased <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ARE<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010luciferase reporter activity in a concentration\u2010dependent manner. Consistently, the expression of antioxidant genes, including <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010E2\u2010related factor 2 (<jats:italic>Nrf2<\/jats:italic>), haem oxygenase\u20101 (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HO<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101<\/jats:italic>) and catalase, was enhanced by afzelin treatment. Nuclear translocation of Nrf2 also increased in response to afzelin treatment. In addition, the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase\u20103\u03b2 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GSK<\/jats:styled-content>\u20103\u03b2) was induced by afzelin treatment. The enhancement of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HO<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101<\/jats:italic> gene expression by afzelin treatment was reduced by Nrf2\u2010si<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> expression. Furthermore, we found that the expression of Nrf2\u2010si<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> significantly attenuated the cytoprotective effect of afzelin against hydrogen peroxide. These data suggest that the cytoprotective effects of afzelin against hydrogen peroxide may be mediated by Nrf2\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ARE<\/jats:styled-content> signalling via <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GSK<\/jats:styled-content>\u20103\u03b2 inactivation. Our data suggest the novel use of afzelin for the prevention of oxidative stress\u2010induced damage in melanocytes and its potential as a therapeutic agent for vitiligo.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13277","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,19]],"date-time":"2016-12-19T15:02:57Z","timestamp":1482159777000},"page":"764-770","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Melanocyte\u2010protective effect of afzelin is mediated by the Nrf2\u2010<scp>ARE<\/scp> signalling pathway via <scp>GSK<\/scp>\u20103\u03b2 inactivation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Eunsun","family":"Jung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biospectrum Life Science Institute  Seongnam City Gyunggi Do Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin Hee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Herbal Bio\u2010Industry Daegu Haany University  Gyeongsan City Gyeongsangbuk Do Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mi Ok","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetic Engineering College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering Sungkyunkwan University  Suwon City Gyunggi Do Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang Yeol","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science Gachon University  Seongnam\u2010Si Gyunggi Do Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jongsung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetic Engineering College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering Sungkyunkwan University  Suwon City Gyunggi Do Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/18715206113139990308"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"v","volume":"212","author":"Slominski A. 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