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This<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010like murine model also exhibits a biphasic increase in the number of scratching behaviour after topical application of Dfb ointment. In this study, we investigated the possible mechanisms underlying the scratching behaviour in each phase. An increase in the content of mast cell\u2010derived mediators such as histamine and 5\u2010hydroxytryptamine in the lesional skin and increased vascular permeability were observed in the early phase after the Dfb ointment application. Chlorpheniramine (H<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>receptor antagonist) and cromoglycate (mast cell stabilizer) reduced the scratching behaviour in the early phase but not that in the later phase. Furthermore, the content of various endogenous pruritogens such as interleukin\u201031 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin in the lesional skin was increased 1 or 24\u00a0hours after the Dfb ointment application. Elevated expression of proteinase\u2010activated receptor\u20102 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAR<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102) was also observed in the epidermis. Finally, gabexate (serine protease inhibitor) reduced the scratching behaviour in both phases, and anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAR<\/jats:styled-content>2 antibody also showed a tendency to reduce both scratching behaviours. These findings suggest that immediate\u2010type allergic reactions caused by mast cell degranulation and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAR<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102 activation by proteases are involved in the scratching behaviour in this<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010like model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13322","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,13]],"date-time":"2017-02-13T08:32:42Z","timestamp":1486974762000},"page":"418-426","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Immediate\u2010type allergic and protease\u2010mediated reactions are involved in scratching behaviour induced by topical application of<i>Dermatophagoides farinae<\/i>extract in<scp>NC<\/scp>\/Nga mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4370-7594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshihito","family":"Yamada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Development Research Laboratories Kyoto R&amp;D Center Maruho Co., Ltd. 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