{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T18:41:15Z","timestamp":1784572875510,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,12]],"date-time":"2017-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1499817600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003621","name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF\u20102013R1A2A2A01068137"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF\u20102013R1A2A2A01068137"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003621","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Experimental Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Quantum dots (QD<\/jats:styled-content>s) have shown great potential for biomedical use in a broad range including diagnostic agents. However, the regulatory mechanism of dermal toxicity is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated how QD<\/jats:styled-content>s\u2010induced apoptosis is regulated in human keratinocytes. We also examined the effect of carboxylic acid\u2010coated QD<\/jats:styled-content>s (QD<\/jats:styled-content> 565 and QD<\/jats:styled-content> 655) on reactive oxygen species (ROS<\/jats:styled-content>) production and apoptosis\u2010related cellular signalling. The viability of keratinocyte was inhibited by two types of QD<\/jats:styled-content>s in a concentration\u2010dependent manner. QD<\/jats:styled-content>s induce ROS<\/jats:styled-content> production and blockade of AKT<\/jats:styled-content> phosphorylation. Moreover, the cleavage of AKT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010dependent pro\u2010apoptotic proteins such as poly (ADP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010ribose) polymerase, caspases\u20103 and caspases\u20109 was significantly increased. We also found that a decrease in cellular ROS<\/jats:styled-content> level by ROS<\/jats:styled-content> scavenger, N\u2010acetylcysteine (NAC<\/jats:styled-content>), resulting in the abolishment of QD<\/jats:styled-content>s\u2010induced AKT<\/jats:styled-content> de\u2010phosphorylation and cellular apoptosis. Interestingly, QD<\/jats:styled-content> 655 had a more cytotoxic effect including oxidative stress and AKT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010dependent apoptosis than QD<\/jats:styled-content> 565. In addition, QD<\/jats:styled-content> 655 had the cytotoxic potential in the human skin equivalent model (HSEM<\/jats:styled-content>). These data show that QD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced intracellular ROS<\/jats:styled-content> levels may be an important parameter in QD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced apoptosis. These findings from this study indicate that intracellular ROS<\/jats:styled-content> levels might determine the apoptotic potential of keratinocyte by QD<\/jats:styled-content> via blockade of AKT<\/jats:styled-content> phosphorylation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13365","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,18]],"date-time":"2017-04-18T13:42:22Z","timestamp":1492522942000},"page":"1046-1052","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Intracellular ROS<\/scp> levels determine the apoptotic potential of keratinocyte by Quantum Dot via blockade of AKT<\/scp> Phosphorylation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Eun Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Division of Brain Korea 21 Project for Biomedical Science Korea University College of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun 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