{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T14:58:20Z","timestamp":1784559500116,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,21]],"date-time":"2018-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1545350400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Amorepacific R&D Center"},{"name":"Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"name":"Ministry of Education","award":["2018R1D1A1B07049402"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018R1D1A1B07049402"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hyperpigmentation is caused by excessive production of melanin in melanocytes. Mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) are glycolipid biosurfactants that are abundantly produced by yeasts and used commercially in cosmetics. However, the potential depigmenting efficacy of MELs has not been evaluated. In this study, the depigmentary effect of MELs was tested in primary normal human melanocytes (NHMs), \u03b1\u2010melanocyte\u2010stimulating hormone (MSH)\u2010stimulated B16 cells (murine melanoma cells) and a human skin equivalent (MelanoDerm) using photography, Fontana\u2010Masson (F&amp;M) staining and two\u2010photon microscopy. Mannosylerythritol lipids significantly decreased the melanin contents in NHMs and \u03b1\u2010MSH\u2010stimulated B16 cells. Consistent with these findings, MELs treatment had a clear whitening effect in a human skin equivalent, brightening the tissue colour and reducing the melanin content. The molecular mechanism underlying the anti\u2010melanogenic effect of MELs treatment was examined by real\u2010time PCR and Western blotting. Mechanistically, MELs clearly suppressed the gene expression levels of representative melanogenic enzymes, including tyrosinase, Tyrp\u20101 and Tyrp\u20102, by inhibiting the ERK\/CREB\/MiTF signalling pathway in NHMs. This work demonstrates for the first time that MELs exert whitening effects on human melanocytes and skin equivalent. Thus, we suggest that MELs could be developed as a potent anti\u2010melanogenic agent for effective whitening, beyond their use as a biosurfactant in cosmetics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13836","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,8]],"date-time":"2018-11-08T19:55:29Z","timestamp":1541706929000},"page":"738-741","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Mannosylerythritol lipids inhibit melanogenesis via suppressing ERK\u2010CREB\u2010MiTF\u2010tyrosinase signalling in normal human melanocytes and a three\u2010dimensional human skin equivalent"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0535-8303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Il\u2010Hong","family":"Bae","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Amorepacific Corporation R&amp;D Center  Yongin\u2010si Korea"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology College of Veterinary Medicine Seoul National University  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun Soo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amorepacific Corporation R&amp;D Center  Yongin\u2010si Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae Won","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amorepacific Corporation R&amp;D Center  Yongin\u2010si Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung Hoon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amorepacific Corporation R&amp;D Center  Yongin\u2010si Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae Young","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amorepacific Corporation R&amp;D Center  Yongin\u2010si Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong Jin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amorepacific Corporation R&amp;D Center  Yongin\u2010si Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae Ryong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amorepacific Corporation R&amp;D Center  Yongin\u2010si Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dae\u2010Yong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology College of Veterinary Medicine Seoul National University  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4814-5685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chang Seok","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Beauty and Cosmetic Science Eulji University  Seongnam\u2010si, Gyeonggi\u2010do Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"482","volume":"59","author":"Zhao X.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Can. 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