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While targeting rapidly growing cancer cells, they also damage normal tissues and cause adverse effects. From the initial insult such as <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> double\u2010strand break, production of reactive oxygen species (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ROS<\/jats:styled-content>) and a general stress response, there are complex regulatory mechanisms that control the actual tissue damage process. Besides apoptosis, a range of outcomes for the damaged cells are possible including cell cycle arrest, senescence, mitotic catastrophe, and inflammatory responses and fibrosis at the tissue level. Feather and hair are among the most actively proliferating (mini\u2010)organs and are highly susceptible to both chemotherapy and radiotherapy damage, thus provide excellent, experimentally tractable model systems for dissecting how normal tissues respond to such injuries. Taking a comparative biology approach to investigate this has turned out to be particularly productive. Started in chicken feather and then extended to murine hair follicles, it was revealed that in addition to p53\u2010mediated apoptosis, several other previously overlooked mechanisms are involved. Specifically, Shh, Wnt, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mTOR<\/jats:styled-content>, cytokine signalling and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ROS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010mediated degradation of adherens junctions have been implicated in the damage and\/or reparative regeneration process. Moreover, we show here that inflammatory responses, which can be prominent upon histological examination of chemo\u2010 or radiotherapy\u2010damaged hair follicle, may not be essential for the hair loss phenotype. These studies point to fundamental, evolutionarily conserved mechanisms in controlling tissue responses in vivo<jats:italic>,<\/jats:italic> and suggest novel strategies for the prevention and management of adverse effects that arise from chemo\u2010 or radiotherapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13846","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,20]],"date-time":"2018-11-20T13:55:12Z","timestamp":1542722112000},"page":"413-418","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["How chemotherapy and radiotherapy damage the tissue: Comparative biology lessons from feather and hair models"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"QingXiang","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Life Sciences Fuzhou University  Fuzhou Fujian China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"GuiXuan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Life Sciences Fuzhou University  Fuzhou Fujian China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1325-3464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung\u2010Jan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering National Taiwan University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine National Taiwan University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"Paus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology &amp; Cutaneous Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine  Miami Florida"},{"name":"Centre for Dermatology Research University of Manchester  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5729-3842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"ZhiCao","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology &amp; Cutaneous Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine  Miami Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"30529","volume":"0190","author":"Freites\u2010Martinez A.","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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