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It is most commonly observed in patients with chronic kidney disease, hepatobiliary and hematological disorders as well as adverse drug reaction. Recent basic research has unravelled novel treatment targets which are currently in preclinical phases, clinical trials or have already been licensed. While \u00b5\u2010opioid receptor antagonists have been used since decades mainly in cholestatic pruritus, the k\u2010opioid receptor agonist nalfurafine has been licensed in Japan for chronic kidney disease\u2010associated pruritus (CKDaP) as well as cholestatic pruritus. Further \u03ba\u2010opioid receptor agonists are currently investigated in various clinical trials including CKDaP. In recent years, the calcium channel blockers gabapentin and pregabalin have also been recognized as effective anti\u2010pruritus therapy in several internal diseases with the best evidence in chronic kidney disease\u2010associated pruritus. Neurokinin\u20101 receptor antagonists have been investigated with variable benefit in CKDaP, solid tumors and lymphoproliferative disorders such as cutaneous T\u2010cell lymphoma, S\u00e9zary syndrome. Inhibitors of the ileal bile acid transporter (IBAT) represent a selective interruption of the enterohepatic circulation and are currently investigated in various hepatobiliary disorders associated with pruritus. The current development and testing of novel drugs in clinical trials offers hope to struggling physicians and suffering patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.14024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,27]],"date-time":"2019-08-27T07:08:43Z","timestamp":1566889723000},"page":"1485-1492","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["What are new treatment concepts in systemic itch?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9263-948X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas E.","family":"Kremer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine 1 &amp; Translational Research Center Friedrich\u2010Alexander\u2010University Erlangen\u2010N\u00fcrnberg Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1979.04010110058029"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(92)90102-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-123-3-199508010-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(02)00318-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1997.v113.pm9322521"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"1022","volume":"91","author":"Carson K. 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