{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T22:29:30Z","timestamp":1791325770969,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,16]],"date-time":"2019-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Experimental Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The microbiological basis of diaper dermatitis has not been clearly elucidated; however, a better understanding of microbial colonization may be vital for developing appropriate therapies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using 16S\u2010rRNA gene sequencing technology, we characterized and compared the bacterial communities obtained from the buttock skin sites of children with diaper dermatitis and from healthy controls. Bacterial diversity in the buttock lesion area and subsequent recovery after emollient treatment have been discussed herein.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In buttock skin of children with or without diaper dermatitis, <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Anaerococcus<\/jats:italic> were predominant in the total skin microbiome. Compared with the healthy group, the overall skin bacterial richness and diversity were higher in children with diaper dermatitis, with the abundance of <jats:italic>Proteobacteria<\/jats:italic> being significantly higher. In the diaper dermatitis group, the richness of <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Erwinia<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic> was significantly higher, and the levels of <jats:italic>Clostridium<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Actinomyces<\/jats:italic> were significantly lower than those in healthy children<jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic> Richness of <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> was significantly higher in the diaper dermatitis group, whereas that of <jats:italic>Staphylococcus epidermidis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium longum<\/jats:italic> was lower. <jats:italic>Staphylococcus epidermidis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Staphylococcus haemolyticus<\/jats:italic>, the dominant species found in buttock skin, were observed to recover earlier after the disease had improved through emollient treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Staphylococcus epidermidis<\/jats:italic>, as skin probiotic bacterium, and <jats:italic>B\u00a0longum<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Clostridium butyricum<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Lactobacillus ruminis<\/jats:italic>, which are intestinal probiotic bacteria, are significantly decreased in diaper dermatitis lesions. These changes in the buttock skin microflora indicate an imbalance in the microflora and suggest that the intestinal microflora may be undergoing dynamic changes. The results of this study suggest that probiotic bacterial supplementation may be useful in the treatment and prevention of diaper dermatitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.14028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,31]],"date-time":"2019-08-31T16:29:30Z","timestamp":1567268970000},"page":"1289-1297","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Shifts in the skin microbiome associated with diaper dermatitis and emollient treatment amongst infants and toddlers in China"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Yumei","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resources Research and Development Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resources Research and Development Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laiji","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Jahwa Corporation Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Jahwa Corporation Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Capital Institute of Pediatrics Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaolei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Capital Institute of Pediatrics Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shumei","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resources Research and Development Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyun","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resources Research and Development Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2244-4732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liya","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resources Research and Development Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Congfen","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resources Research and Development Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"477","volume":"32","author":"Christopher K.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. 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